Kidney stones may lead to inflammatory manifestations, which often cause infection of the renal pelvis, a type of urinary tract infection. The infection may be followed by frequent urination, urgency, painful urination or accompanied by cloudy urine and flocculent sediment in the urine. Fever can also occur, commonly due to obstruction caused by the retention of stones, which can produce different degrees of hydronephrosis and, over time, can easily cause infection. The friction between the stone and the surrounding mucosa under the effect of vigorous activity can cause local mucosal rupture, which can also cause local inflammatory reactions, and may appear as a red urine color. When the stone is infected, active treatment is needed, otherwise the infection is not effectively controlled and a renal abscess or sepsis may develop. If the kidney stone is combined with inflammation, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or surgery is not recommended, and it is necessary to wait for the inflammation to be controlled before surgery can be performed.