Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with the second highest incidence rate among women. Every year, about 200,000 women die from this disease worldwide.
I. Early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer is important
Although cervical cancer is terrible, it is the only cancer with “three unique” characteristics among malignant tumors, namely: the only one with a clear cause, the only one that can be prevented and treated early, and the only one that can be eliminated. In other words, cervical cancer can be completely cured with early diagnosis and treatment. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor causing women’s death, which is often overlooked because there are no obvious symptoms and signs in the early stage of cervical cancer. Therefore, early screening is the most effective and economical method of prevention.
Since there may be no obvious symptoms in early stage of cervical cancer, people with the following characteristics belong to the high-risk group: people infected with human papilloma virus (HPV), people with multiple sexual partners, and people who marry early and have many children.
Prevention of cervical cancer should start from daily life, abstain from sex, avoid abortion, prohibit extramarital sex and prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
Although cervical cancer is dangerous, it also has its own “soft spot”. It takes 5 to 10 years from early inflammation to malignant cancer, and if this time is properly grasped, modern medical methods can detect precancerous lesions and take corresponding measures in time to ensure women can lead a healthy life again. According to research, the cure rate of cervical cancer can reach 80%-90% in the first stage, 60%-70% in the second stage, 40%-50% in the third stage, but only 10% in the fourth stage, so it is very important to have regular checkups and timely treatment. It is very important to have regular checkups and timely treatment. Once a year, we can see if there are any lesions at a glance.
If lesions are found, surgery and radiotherapy can be used at this time to prevent the spread of cancer and reduce the impact on the patient’s quality of life if the cancer is serious and requires removal of the uterus and ovaries, and the healing effect is also very good. Therefore, gynecological checkup is an essential health talisman for women of all ages.
Second, prevention and control strategies
HPV infection can be actively prevented from becoming cancerous in the following ways.
1.Playing cervical cancer vaccine
Currently, there are three HPV vaccines available for humans internationally, 2
HPV vaccine (for HPV types 16 and 18), 4-valent HPV vaccine (for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58). All of these vaccines can be used in people aged 9-26 years. However, it should be clear: all current HPV vaccines are preventive, not curative, and can only play a preventive role.
2. Hygiene and proper sexual behavior should be carried out
Avoid early marriage, early childbirth, multiple births and disordered sexual life. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the perineum. Women should strengthen the hygiene of menstruation, puerperium and sexual life. Avoid intercourse during menstruation and puerperium.
3.Strengthen women’s health care
Actively treat gynecological diseases, such as chronic cervicitis, cervical erosion, white spots, polyps and infections such as trichomonas and mycobacteria in the reproductive tract.
4.Male health
Attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the foreskin, and those with long foreskin should be treated by surgery and cleaned before sex.
5.Cervical cancer primary screening
HPV test and cytological examination of vaginal exfoliated cells are simple and easy to perform with high accuracy. Domestic and foreign data show that the incidence rate and mortality rate of cervical cancer can be significantly reduced by screening and general treatment.
III. Targets of screening.
1.Any woman who has sexual intercourse or has sexual intercourse over 21 years old
2.High-risk women with early sexual life, multiple sexual partners, low immune function, smoking, poor hygiene and lack of knowledge of sexual health care
3.Patients with clinical abnormalities.
Fourth, patients with clinical abnormalities need timely consultation
Clinical abnormalities include: vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse or between periods, or after menopause; benign cervical lesions, recurrence after treatment with antibiotics, etc.; suspected cervical lesions, such as white spots, tumors visible to the naked eye.
The above patients should go to gynecological clinic for colposcopy and biopsy in time to make a clear diagnosis.
V. Contents of cancer prevention examination
The three-step diagnostic procedure for cervical lesions is: cytology-colposcopy-pathological histological biopsy. The purpose of diagnosis of cervical lesions or screening for cervical cancer is to detect cervical precancerous lesions, and the doctor will cauterize the patient and administer treatment according to the patient’s condition.
VI. How to treat the diagnosis result
The related diseases detected during general checkup or usual checkup can be divided into several categories, namely, inflammation, warts, benign tumors, precancerous lesions and cancer.
1.Patients with inflammation and warts must be given a definite diagnosis and treatment, and repeat the smear after cure to exclude false negatives.
2.For patients with suspected benign tumors, further diagnosis must be made and appropriate treatment must be given if there are indeed benign tumors (submucosal myxoma, etc.).
3.For suspected precancerous lesions, colposcopy and biopsy should be performed to clarify the diagnosis. Treatment should be differentiated according to the condition, age and fertility requirements. For CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) grade III or carcinoma in situ, in principle, surgery is the main treatment. For young patients with fertility requirements, conical hysterectomy and regular postoperative follow-up can be used. Those with biopsy-confirmed invasive carcinoma should be treated according to the stage.