Pulmonary alveoli are a common condition that can be congenital or acquired. The congenital form is caused by localized abnormalities in lung tissue development; the acquired form is usually secondary to severe lung inflammation and pathologies such as asthma and “old slow-onset”. The term pulmonary alveoli as currently used clinically in fact includes two different pathological types of intrapulmonary lesions – Bleb: subpleural alveoli or small pulmonary alveoli; Bulla: intra-parenchymal alveoli or large pulmonary alveoli. If we briefly summarize the characteristics of the two, the former tends to occur in the apical part of the lung and is an air sac-like structure with a smooth inner layer and no trabeculae, and there can be several connected bronchi at the base of the alveoli, which can be single or multiple alveoli distributed in clusters and is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax; while the latter tends to be larger in size and located within the lung parenchyma, with residual trabeculae and connective tissue visible within the sac, often forming clinical The common giant pulmonary alveoli. 1.Conservative treatment: Patients with less than 30% lung compression are treated with multiple punctures, and patients with more than 30% lung compression are treated with placement of closed chest drainage. 2.Surgical treatment: Thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary alveoli. We recommend surgical treatment for young and middle-aged patients, because young and middle-aged patients are very prone to rupture due to work, especially physical work, while tension pneumothorax can be life-threatening if it occurs in the field and other situations.