Primary liver cancer is a common malignant tumor that seriously threatens the life of patients. Although intermediate and late stage liver cancer has been treated with various comprehensive measures, it has little chance of eradication and is prone to distant metastasis with poorer expected consequences. Early stage liver cancer has small volume, intact envelope, good tumor differentiation, less distant metastasis and better immune status of the body, therefore, early detection and early treatment play an extremely important role in clinical effect and are the keys to improve the survival rate of liver cancer after surgery. Radical surgery is still the first choice of liver cancer treatment, and tumor size is the most important factor affecting the expected consequences after resection. Clinically, a single cancer nodule with maximum diameter not more than 3 cm or the sum of two cancer nodules with diameter not more than 3 cm is called small hepatocellular carcinoma, and after local resection, the survival rates of 1, 3 and 5 years reach 95.0%, 91.7% and 85.3% respectively. Small hepatocellular carcinoma resection is currently the most important way to obtain long-term survival for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The so-called high-risk group of liver cancer refers to those who are over 40 years old and have one of the following conditions: a history of hepatitis for more than 5 years or a positive marker for hepatitis B virus antigen; a history of alcohol abuse for more than 5-8 years with clinical manifestations of chronic liver disease; and patients with diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver. For patients with the above high-risk factors or those who have accidentally discovered liver masses during medical consultation, the following points should be noted: 1. Choose appropriate imaging methods and experienced clinicians to locate and diagnose the tumor and determine its nature: Ultrasound is preferred because it is simple, non-invasive, easy to review, and experienced physicians can detect small liver cancer of 1cm in diameter. Ultrasound is consistent with the nodules seen in surgery in 80% of cases. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have better diagnostic value than ultrasound for hepatocellular carcinoma. CT scan can detect cancer foci with diameter <1cm, and together with CT enhanced scan, it can be distinguished from hepatic hemangioma. 2.Serum fetoprotein measurement should be performed once every six months; fetoprotein measurement is an ideal method for the initial detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma. For patients with elevated fetoprotein, before liver cancer is detected, monthly rechecking of fetoprotein and ultrasound should be performed until fetoprotein drops to normal or until liver cancer is diagnosed, only then can small liver cancer be detected as early as possible. For patients with substantial occupying lesions <3cm in the liver, they should consult an experienced specialist who can provide scientific and reasonable advice based on professional clinical experience. Since malignant tumors occurring in the liver are very harmful to human body, and the forbidden area of surgical resection of liver masses has been overcome, and the effectiveness of resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma has been recognized, it is advisable to adopt a relatively aggressive surgical attitude towards small occupying lesions occurring in the liver in order to avoid serious consequences of further development of possible malignant tumors or distant metastases due to palliative waiting. Relatively aggressive surgical resection under the guidance and advice of a specialist can effectively prevent the development of small hepatocellular carcinoma and achieve good therapeutic results.