Osteoporosis (osteoporosis) is a group of bone diseases caused by multiple causes, in which there is normal calcification of bone tissue, with a normal ratio of calcium salts to matrix, and a metabolic bone lesion characterized by a decrease in the amount of bone tissue per unit volume. In most cases of osteoporosis, the decrease in bone tissue is mainly due to increased bone resorption. The onset of osteoporosis is slow and individual is fast, characterized by skeletal pain and easy fracture, and the biochemical examination is basically normal. Pathological anatomy shows thin bone cortex and sparse and atrophic bone trabeculae with no thick bone layer. Osteoporosis was introduced by Pornmer in 188 5, but people’s understanding of osteoporosis is gradually deepened with the development of history and technological advances. In the early years, it was generally considered that a decrease in bone mass throughout the body was osteoporosis, and in the United States, fractures in the elderly were considered osteoporosis. It was not until the 3rd International Symposium on Osteoporosis held in Denmark in 1990 and the 4th International Symposium on Osteoporosis held in Hong Kong in 1993 that a clear definition of osteoporosis was formulated and recognized worldwide: primary osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure, resulting in an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. International Osteoporosis Day is celebrated on October 20 every year. Clinical manifestations 1. Pain: The most common symptom of primary osteoporosis is low back pain, which accounts for 70%-80% of the patients with pain. The pain spreads along the spine to both sides, decreases when lying on the back or sitting, increases when standing upright or posteriorly or when standing or sitting for a long time, is light during the day and increases at night and when waking up in the morning, and increases when bending, muscle movement, coughing and stooling. 2.Shortening of body length and hunchback: mostly appear after pain. The anterior part of the vertebrae of the spine is almost mostly composed of cancellous bone, and this part is the pillar of the body, with a large weight, easily compressed and deformed, so that the spine tilts forward and the dorsal curvature increases, forming a hunchback, with age, osteoporosis increases, the hunchback curvature increases, resulting in significant knee contracture. 3, fracture: This is the most common and serious complication of degenerative osteoporosis. 4, respiratory function decline: compression fractures of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, backward curvature of the spine, thoracic deformity, can make a significant reduction in lung capacity and maximum air exchange, patients can often appear chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms. Treatment overview 1, control the structure of the diet to avoid excessive acid intake and aggravate the acidic body. Most of the vegetables and fruits belong to alkaline food, while most of the meat, cereals, sugar, wine, fish and shrimps belong to acidic food, and the ratio of daily intake of acidic food and alkaline food for healthy people should comply with the ratio of 1:4. Shell oligopeptide is an animal active alkali, can quickly eliminate the human body fluid acidic substances, can maintain the stability of calcium concentration in the blood, maintain the human body alkaline environment is to prevent and relieve osteoporosis. 2, smoking will affect the formation of bone peaks, excessive alcohol consumption is not conducive to bone metabolism, drinking strong coffee can increase urinary calcium excretion, affect the body’s absorption of calcium, excessive intake of salt and protein will also increase calcium loss. In daily life should avoid the formation of the above-mentioned bad habits. 3, exercise can promote the body’s metabolism. Outdoor exercise and the right amount of sunlight are conducive to the absorption of calcium. Exercise muscle contraction, direct action on the bone pull, will help increase bone density. Therefore, proper exercise is also beneficial for the prevention of osteoporosis. 4, to prevent calcium deficiency must also develop good habits, to avoid excessive acid intake, aggravate the acidic body. Such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, sleepless nights and other irregularities in life, will aggravate the acidification of the body. Should develop good habits, so as to maintain a weak alkaline physique and prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis. 5, do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry and fish eggs, etc., to eat some green organic food, to prevent disease from the mouth. 6, maintain a good mood, do not have too much psychological pressure, too much pressure will lead to the deposition of acid, affecting the normal metabolism. Proper regulation of mood and their own stress can maintain a weak alkaline physique, thereby preventing the occurrence of osteoporosis. Treatment The treatment of osteoporosis has progressed from treatment to delay the onset and progression of osteoporosis to treatment to actively restore bone health. In response to the dysfunction of bone resorption and bone formation in patients with osteoporosis, pharmacological treatment is divided into three main categories: 1. bone resorption inhibitors to reduce further bone loss: estrogen, calcitonin, diphosphonates, and isoproterenol; 2. bone formation promoters to increase bone mass, including fluoride, vitamin K, parathyroid hormone, androgens, growth hormone, etc.; 3. bone mineralization promoters to promote Bone calcium deposition, increase bone mass, this category of drugs are vitamin D with calcium.