Liver cysts can be classified as congenital, parasitic, traumatic, infectious and tumorigenic according to their etiology. Most of the clinical cases are congenital liver cysts and tumor liver cysts, and there is a certain incidence of parasitic liver cysts in some pastoral areas. Congenital hepatic cysts include simple hepatic cysts and congenital multicystic liver, and this paper mainly introduces simple hepatic cysts. Simple hepatic cysts are plasmacytic cysts in the liver that are not connected to the bile duct and can be solitary or multiple. The etiology is still unclear, and it is generally believed to originate from the intrahepatic vagal bile duct or due to the impaired development of intrahepatic bile ducts and lymphatic ducts in the embryonic period. Simple hepatic cysts are usually asymptomatic and are mostly detected during physical examination; they can be single or multiple, ranging from less than 1 cm to more than 10 cm in diameter. Clinical symptoms may appear when the cyst increases and compresses the surrounding organs or when complications occur, manifesting as different degrees of epigastric fullness, pain, nausea, vomiting, reduced eating, abdominal mass, liver enlargement, etc. The pain is mostly vague or distending in nature, and may manifest as acute abdomen when combined with intracapsular hemorrhage or rupture (fortunately, the probability of this occurrence is extremely low); fever, pain in the liver area, leukocytosis, etc. when combined with intracapsular infection. In case of intracapsular infection, fever, liver pain, leukocytosis, etc. Ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen can reveal single or multiple round or oval liquid dark areas in the liver with posterior echogenic enhancement and uniform intracapsular density without segregation. (if there are wall nodules on the cyst, the cyst may be a non-simple hepatic cyst and there is a higher possibility of cystic adenoma). Liver cysts need to be differentiated from polycystic liver, parasitic liver cysts, and cystic adenoma (cancer) of the hepatobiliary duct, which have significantly different imaging manifestations from liver cysts. Treatment: The indications for surgery of liver cysts are not very strong, except when there are definite symptoms such as epigastric pain, epigastric mass or epigastric fullness and stomach pressure symptoms. The chance of intracapsular infection and bleeding in cysts is small, but treatment is also needed when they occur. Treatment is also needed when the diagnosis of liver cyst and bile duct cyst adenoma cannot be distinguished. The current treatment that is indeed reliable is laparoscopic cyst opening with definite efficacy. Other methods such as ultrasound or CT guided cyst puncture and drainage with injection of sclerosing agent have a high recurrence rate. Laparoscopic hepatectomy or open hepatectomy can be performed for patients with unspecified intrahepatic bile duct cystadenoma. For asymptomatic patients with cysts less than 5 cm, except for intrahepatic bile duct cystadenoma, regular observation can be performed.