Not all kidney stones need to be treated. Many kidney stones less than 8-10 mm found during physical examination, if they do not cause obstruction, i.e. hydronephrosis, and there is no infection or hematuria in the laboratory, and no uncomfortable symptoms, usually do not require medical intervention, and only require regular follow-up checkups. For kidney stones that cause hydronephrosis, recurrent infections and hematuria, they need to be treated actively regardless of their size, or if they do not have these problems, but have a maximum diameter of more than 1 cm, they usually need to be considered for treatment. Currently, more than 90% of urinary stones can be treated by minimally invasive methods, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which can be performed on an outpatient basis, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, which is performed through the urethra without leaving scars on the body, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, which can cure multiple stones in the kidney with only a 1 cm scar, and laparoscopic ureterotomy or pelvic lithotripsy. Each treatment modality has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different patients, so the doctor needs to choose specifically according to the different conditions of each patient and the methods with which the doctor is familiar.