Marriage and childbirth in psychiatric patients
1. Marriage issues for people with mental illness – marriage
First of all, schizophrenic patients have the same rights and obligations as ordinary citizens when it comes to marriage! This is because it is difficult for the patient to fulfill the obligations of a family member and because the person with schizophrenia has lost the ability to control his or her behavior as a normal person. Therefore, it is not advisable to use the so-called “wedding” to treat psychiatric cases. Secondly, it is not advisable to marry a patient with recurrent, poorly controlled, severe, chronically withdrawn mental illness, because the patient cannot establish and maintain a normal family life as a couple. The exception is for those in remission and with long intervals. Furthermore, patients with moderate or severe mental retardation (commonly known as imbecility and idiocy) should not marry because the patient cannot understand the essence of marriage and family.
Patients with severe epilepsy and recurrent seizures should also not marry because of the risk of impulsive behavior and harm to others and themselves. Some specific neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as patients with significant sexual or psychosexual disorders are also not suitable for marriage.
Neurosis, mild mental retardation, personality disorders, suppression, depression, etc. do not belong to the category of not being able to marry.
2. Marital problems of mental patients – divorce
If a mentally ill person is incapacitated and cannot go through the divorce procedures by himself/herself, he/she needs to be replaced by a guardian appointed by the family, unit organization, or judicial section to perform various legal procedures. Otherwise, the documents signed by the mentally incapacitated person are invalid.
The spouse of a mentally ill person only to “emotional breakdown” or “unbearable” for the reason of early divorce proceedings at least bear the burden of proof of the following three cases, submitted to the relevant departments for review: ① premarital psychiatric morbidity and illness; ② mental activity at the time of marriage and diagnosis and treatment; ③ whether the current mental state of the family life to bring hindrance and harm.
If a party develops mental illness after marriage, according to the Marriage Law, “spouses have the obligation to support each other,” taking into account the emotional basis of the past common life, in principle, the spouse has the obligation to support and care for the patient. However, while considering the interests of the mentally ill person, the legitimate rights and interests of the other spouse must also be taken into account in real life. If the other party cannot bear the endless torture and pain of the mentally ill person and proposes a divorce
If the divorce is granted after investigation, the divorce shall be granted
If a mentally ill person who is unfit for marriage and his or her family conceal his or her condition from the other party before the marriage is registered, and if the other party finds out and files a complaint for divorce after the marriage is registered, the court may, at its discretion, declare the marriage dissolved.
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Second, the middle part: eugenics and eugenics education
Eugenics means the birth of physically and mentally healthy babies and the promotion of the reproduction of physically and mentally excellent human individuals. Simply put, it also means to have a healthy, intelligent and lively child.
(a) To be eugenic, first marry well
First, establish a correct concept of choosing a spouse.
Second, should not be married or temporarily can not marry the object include
1, direct blood relatives and collateral blood relatives within three generations are prohibited from marrying. This is clearly stipulated in the marriage law.
2, untreated leprosy patients are prohibited to marry.
3, both parties are suffering from schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis may not marry.
4, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, epilepsy treatment has not been stable for more than 2 years should not be married.
5, a variety of legal infectious diseases should not be married during quarantine treatment.
6, the two sides of the severe mental retardation patients, should not marry.
7, suffering from sexually transmitted diseases, not completely cured should not be married.
Third, premarital examination is very important.
(B) to eugenics must be eugenic pregnancy
First, pay attention to grasp the best age of childbirth. From a scientific point of view, the best age for women to have children is 24-29 years old
Second, choose the best season for conception.
Second, choose the best season for conception. It is generally believed that June to August is the best season for conception.
Thirdly, choose the best time for conception for both men and women’s biological rhythm. In other words, choose the “climax” period of the three major biological rhythms of the body, emotions and intelligence of both spouses.
Fourth, to avoid the unfavorable factors of conception. To try to avoid the newlywed “honeymoon” pregnancy, to do not conceive after drinking alcohol, do not get pregnant with disease, do not get pregnant at an advanced age, do not get pregnant immediately after stopping the contraceptive pill for less than 6 months, to avoid the season of viral infection conception, etc.
(C) to eugenics must do a good job in pregnancy health care
First, pay attention to nutrition during pregnancy.
Second, life should be regular.
Third, to improve pregnancy hygiene.
Fourth, keep the home environment beautiful.
Fifth, careful use of drugs during pregnancy.
Sixth, to abstain from sex during pregnancy. The first three months of pregnancy and the first two months of childbirth are forbidden to have sex.
Seventh, pay attention to good fetal education.
Eighth, actively participate in pregnancy checkups.
Tenth, abnormalities found during pregnancy should be dealt with promptly.
Excellent parenting and education
(A) care of the newborn
First, pay attention to the living environment. The newborn’s bedroom should be quiet and clean, elegantly arranged, with sufficient sunlight. If possible, the temperature inside the baby can be controlled between 21 degrees – 24 degrees, with a temperature of about 60 degrees – 65 degrees.
Second, pay attention to hot and cold care. Because of the poor thermoregulatory function of newborns, therefore, the winter to keep warm, summer to prevent heat, usually according to the temperature changes in a timely manner to increase or decrease clothing.
Third, pay attention to skin care. Newborn skin is delicate and easily damaged, so contact action should be gentle, clothing should be loose, the texture should be soft, should not be nailed buttons or use pins. To scrub the folds of the skin with warm water, wash after each urination and defecation, and dry with a towel.
Fourth, pay attention to umbilical cord care. When the new umbilical cord has not fallen off, scrub the umbilicus with 75% alcohol once a day, then cover it with sterile gauze and do not put it in the tub for bathing. After the umbilical cord has fallen off, the gauze may not be used, but the umbilicus must be kept dry and clean. If red or purulent discharge is found in the umbilicus, it should be treated with anti-inflammatory treatment.
Fifth, ensure adequate sleep. Change the sleeping position of the newborn frequently to prevent head deformation.
Sixth, correctly deal with special physiological phenomena. Such as the so-called newborn “horse teeth”, female babies within a few days after birth vaginal mucus or bloody discharge, red urine, breast enlargement, red spots, pigmentation spots and physiological jaundice (2-3 days after birth), etc., these will disappear naturally after a few days, no special treatment. If it takes longer or there are other adverse reflections, you should go to the hospital for examination.
(B) Baby’s nursing
1.Breast-feeding benefits
2, complementary food added
Breastfeeding for 4-6 months of age to ensure that all the nutritional components of the baby. 4-6 months later, with the growth of the child’s age, the child’s digestive function is becoming more and more perfect, breast milk can not meet the needs of infant growth and development, the baby must be added to complementary foods, but also eat breast milk, can eat until the second year after birth. That is often said that the mixed feeding method.
3, artificial feeding.
This is a method of last resort. Only when the mother is sick and can not breastfeed or lack of breast milk is used. Commonly used milk substitutes are fresh milk, infant formula, rice paste, etc.. When artificial feeding, the baby should be held up, with the head higher and the bottom of the bottle higher so that the milk fills the teat to prevent air inhalation causing bloating and overflow, and the bottle teat should be disinfected once a day.
(C) Immunization program is indispensable
(iv) Regular health check-ups
(E) Early prevention and treatment of common diseases
1, fever normal body temperature of children: anal table: 36.2-38 ℃, oral table: 36-77.4 ℃. Pediatric hyperthermia (refers to 39 ℃ or more)
2, abdominal pain intra-abdominal causes to consider whether: intestinal roundworm, biliary roundworm, enteritis, dysentery, acute appendicitis, intussusception, etc.
Extra-abdominal causes to consider whether: pneumonia, myocarditis, measles, rheumatism, kidney disorders.
3, Influenza symptoms: high fever, nasal congestion, headache, cough. Physical symptoms: congestion and edema of the pharynx, conjunctival congestion. Treatment: You can take some cold medicine as required by the doctor, and send to hospital for treatment in serious cases.
4.Pediatric diarrhea mild.
5, vitamin D deficiency rickets symptoms: is on crying, sweating, easy to wake up, hair is falling hair ring. Physical evidence: square head, late closure of the chimney door (normal 1.5 years), late emergence of teeth (6 months under the stool should be two), rib crossties, O-shaped, X-shaped legs.
Prevention: Vitamin D supplementation since 1 month, 400 international units per day, premature babies, low birth weight babies can be supplemented since 2 weeks, in the first 3 months to 800 international units per month. Treatment: ①Vitamin D 400,000-600,000 units once intramuscularly and repeat once after two months. ②Concentrated A and D preparations: 10-40 drops orally daily.
③Calcium gluconate 1-3 grams per day orally. ④More activities in the sun, which is often said to be more “sunbathing”. However, you should avoid strong sunburn.
6.Iron deficiency anemia
Symptoms: Pale skin and mucous membrane, nail bed, fatigue and weakness, inactivity. Laboratory tests: Blood tests show a decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cell count.
Treatment: Remove the cause of the disease and supplement iron.
7.Pneumonia
Symptoms.
8, intestinal roundworm disease
Symptoms: repeated and weekly pain, restless sleep at night, or no symptoms. Children aged 3-10 years in rural areas usually suffer from this disease.
After the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests, take the corresponding roundworm repellent medicine as required by the doctor.
It is advisable to catch the early education
Content and methods of early education
According to psychologists confirmed that 2-3 years old is the best period for young children to learn language, while after 3 years old, they enter the best age for learning, and 3-5 years old is the best age for learning writing and drawing.
1. Training the five senses. Shortly after birth, infants see, hear, smell, taste and skin sensory functions have been relatively developed, which can be said by parents, children see, hear, smell, touch, taste and smell to train the five senses, stimulate the brain and promote intellectual development.
2.Training movement. Let the child learn to carry bowls, push the cart, hold a pencil and play with various toys. According to different ages and the sequence of action development combined with games specific training.
3.Cultivate language skills. To start talking and communicating with infants early, and give children more oral stimulation. Dialogue, should pay attention to the correct language, grammar, and from easy to difficult. To let the child with adult contact to learn to address people, in the game to learn the language, and learn to read nursery songs, storytelling and dialogue with adults and so on.
4. Develop thinking and interest. Adults should pay attention to often ask questions, let the child think about the answer; often take the child outside to grow knowledge, to train the child’s observation and discernment, encourage the child to put forward their own ideas and views, sometimes to intentionally do something against the routine of the little things, let the child correct, to teach and play, guide the child to do intellectual games, and cultivate the child’s interest in music, sports, painting and other aspects.
5, guide the child to learn to live. To encourage the child to get along with the little friend of the friend family in the lead home, so that he learns to care about others. At home to let him helpers, help parents to complete certain household chores, guide rely on their own strength to do things around them, such as toys, books do not just put, their own bed desk to learn to organize themselves, etc..
The seven rules of home education
Parents are the first teachers of their children, to achieve the desired effect of the purpose of teaching children, it is necessary to follow the correct principles of education. The following points, for parents to refer to.
1, reason: is to lay out the facts, reasoning, to inspire the child’s mind, so that children can understand good and evil know right and wrong, to distinguish the truth, and then strict discipline, to develop good habits.
2, moved by emotion: is to educate children to have true feelings. Parents teach their children, only to understand the child, and constantly inspire teaching with emotion to touch, heart to caress, in order to achieve good results.
3.Guidance by action: parents must teach people to teach people, to take practical action to influence the child, so that he will learn to do things. This means that to make the child “stand like a pine, sit like a bell”, they “stand like a stand, sit like a sit”.
4, teach to fish: is to let the child according to certain requirements repeatedly practice. If parents do everything for them, they can only be a “Miss Lin” and “Jia Gongzi” who can’t carry a burden or a basket. “. In this case, how can you make a big breakthrough and become a useful person to build your ancestors?
5.Heavy with the situation: parents should create an educational living environment, so that children in a good family atmosphere by subtle education.
6.Right to the rules: some of the child’s bad behavior, to be good at putting forward strict criticism based on the scope and direction of its behavior, according to the rules, no rules do not make a circle.
7.Reviewed by the way: parents should make an objective evaluation of their children’s behavior according to certain moral codes of conduct and norms of life.
A few suggestions for parents
Whether it is infancy or preschool, whether at school or at home, treat your child with neither favoritism, indulgence or permissiveness, blind obedience, nor abuse and corporal punishment, to avoid these misconceptions in homeschooling, with a scientific attitude and the right method, to train and educate the next generation. Here are a few suggestions on how to correct some of the eccentric character of the only child now, to develop the ideal personality, character.
1, must fully understand, master the child’s must reason, make the child easy and happy, free to grow. As far as possible to avoid excessive interference and transitional protection, trust the child, let go of the child to act on their own.
2. Encourage motivation. Three year old children begin to develop independence, when parents as far as possible not to intervene in the child’s actions, it is best to stand patiently to the side to give guidance to the child to meet the new subject from the front, so that the child from the hard experience to enhance confidence, inspire motivation, give children enough opportunities to discover their own strength and ability.
3. Clear attitude. Parents should not only be strict, but also listen carefully to the child’s views see, the child really as an adult treatment, so that the child can be open-minded, no hidden. To the child’s mistakes to severely criticize, while the child’s achievements to seriously praise.
4, all equal, never biased. Parents of two-children families should pay particular attention to this point, favoritism has a hundred harm but no benefit, no matter what the reason, bias will leave an incurable wound on the child’s mind.
5. Spousal harmony. Parents positive and hard work attitude and self-improvement drive, will bring great joy dance to the child, will also give the child to the subtle influence, can be said to be one of the best education methods. If the parents do not get along, bumping into each other all day long, don’t twist, the child will feel depressed, thus becoming silent, introverted.
In short, parents should not be emotional, but should work together, in unison, and strive to raise a new generation of excellence.
Third, the next part: practical clinical problems
1. No choice but to choose: The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in the population is about 1%, and the risk of the disease increases with the degree of blood relatives. The prevalence of relatives at all levels in the family of schizophrenia patients is, in order of prevalence: parents, siblings About 33 . The prevalence of schizophrenia among family members of schizophrenic patients was about 33.21 ‰; uncles, aunts, and grandparents were about 13.54 ‰; and first-generation cousins were about 13.54 ‰. 54 ‰; first generation cousins 6 . 24 ‰; second generation cousins 4 . 20 ‰; cousins’ uncles, aunts, uncles and cousins’ uncles 3 . 62 ‰; while the general group is only 0 . 98 ‰. Thus, it seems important to avoid marriage between schizophrenics and close blood relations.
2. mending methods.
①. During the patient’s treatment process, the concept of whole-course treatment is implemented from the initial treatment, i.e., the patient’s treatment drug selection, side effects, costs, and life learning are considered in all aspects.
②. Try to choose drugs that have little impact on fertility. The U.S. FDA classifies drugs for the gestational period as follows.
Class A: In drug studies set up with a control group, no signs of fetal effects were seen in women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the drugs in this class have little effect on the fetus.
Grade B: No adverse effects on the fetus were seen in animal reproduction tests, but these side effects were not confirmed in women in the third trimester of pregnancy in a control setting.
Grade C: Hazards in animal studies, but no controlled studies in humans have been performed. Need to be used after weighing the pros and cons.
Grade D: There is clear evidence of harm to the human fetus, but nonetheless, the drug is definitely beneficial when administered to pregnant women.
Grade X: Absolutely harmful to the fetus and prohibited.
Currently, almost all antipsychotic drugs are graded as Grade C!
③. Marriage and childbirth during stable period.
④. Timing of contraception and conception.
⑤. Quality control of semen and eggs, etc.
3. Childbirth and child support for psychiatric patients
Since mental illness has certain hereditary risks, especially for patients with high prevalence families and long-term, high-dose antipsychotic drugs that may have adverse effects on fetal development, it is not in line with the principle of eugenics, and births are generally not advocated.
In addition to affordability and control of the condition, more consideration should be given to the future growth, development and educational environment of the child.
Of course, it is not that schizophrenic patients cannot have children. In cases where the patient has recovered well and only one of them is ill, and where both spouses carefully consider the risks of having children, they can have children under the guidance of a doctor.