The loss of interstitial kidney mass due to various physiological diseases. One of the signs and symptoms of hypokalemic nephropathy is damage to the renal interstitium. Hypokalemic nephropathy is a chronic interstitial nephritis or kidney disease caused by persistent hypokalemia, also known as kalium-losing nephropathy. The manifestations of hypokalemic nephropathy are mainly impairment of tubular function, mainly hypoconcentration, manifested as irritable thirst, polyuria, increased nocturia, and even nephrogenic uremia, poor response to pressor, urine with a small amount of proteinuria and tubular pattern, early potassium loss can cause metabolic alkalosis, and after interstitial renal damage, metabolic acidosis due to tubular acidification dysfunction. The disease is easily complicated by pyelonephritis, with clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection, and chronic renal insufficiency gradually appears with the progression of the disease. In addition to the symptoms of nephropathy, the patient’s systemic manifestations mainly include symptoms of hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness of the limbs, intestinal paralysis and flaccidity, weakened tendon reflexes, and cardiac arrhythmias. Polyuria, i.e., urine volume exceeding 2,500 ml, is caused by interstitial damage, uremia, and impaired renal concentration in the later stages of chronic nephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory lesion caused by bacterial infection of the kidneys, mainly attacking the interstitial space and pelvic and calyx tissues of the kidneys. The persistence or recurrence of inflammation leads to damage to the interstitial pelvis and calyces, resulting in scarring and kidney atrophy and dysfunction. Usually, patients may only have back pain and/or low fever, and there may be no obvious symptoms of urinary tract infection such as painful urination, frequent urination, and urgent urination. Patients with a history of long-term or recurrent urinary tract infections may develop uremia in advanced stages.