1. Water intake (1) Patients with urine volume greater than 1000ml and no edema on the body do not need to restrict water. (2) With edema, water restriction is needed regardless of the amount of urine. (3) Water restriction is required for urine volume less than 1000ml. (4) In the case of water restriction, the amount of water intake is determined by the previous day’s urine volume, and the total amount of water intake is generally equal to the previous day’s total urine volume plus 500 ml. Daily water intake does not only refer to plain water, but also includes the hidden water content in daily food intake. For example, two taels of rice contains about 60 to 70 ml of water, while the water content of fresh vegetables reaches 65% to 90%. This should be taken into account when calculating the total intake. Those with severe edema should follow medical advice to prohibit or restrict water, while those with moderate edema must control the amount of water intake. (5) dialysis patients: water intake = urine volume + dialysis ultrafiltration + 500ml. 2, protein intake (1) chronic renal insufficiency 1, 2 stage (blood creatinine 133 ~ 177umol / l, creatinine clearance rate of 50 ~ 80ml / min) start low protein keto acid diet, protein intake 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day; (2) chronic renal insufficiency ground 3 stage onwards (blood (2) chronic renal insufficiency from stage 3 (blood creatinine >186umol/l, creatinine clearance <50ml/min), further low protein keto diet treatment, protein intake 0.6g per kg body weight per day, high quality protein more than 60% of the total protein intake, and supplementation of keto acid preparation; (3) maintenance hemodialysis / peritoneal dialysis patients protein intake 1.2g per kg body weight per day, and supplementation of keto acid preparation; (4) food example: 1 two main ingredients of the diet, and 1 two main ingredients of the diet. (4) Food examples: 1 tael of staple food = 4 grams of protein, 1 pound of green vegetables = 5 grams of protein, 1 egg = 7 grams of protein, 1 bag of milk = 8 grams of protein, 1 tael of meat = 9 grams of protein, 0.5 soy = 9 grams of protein, 25 grams of dried fruit = 7 grams of protein. Fruits, starchy protein content is very little can be disregarded; (5) high-quality protein foods as evenly distributed in three meals, both to reduce the burden on the kidneys, but also better absorbed and used by the body; (6) can eat soy products, but should control the amount of 0.6-0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day; (7) low protein keto diet: meat, eggs, milk contains high-quality protein, is necessary to ingest, do not exceed the recommended portion; vegetable proteins in vegetarian diets are non-quality proteins, consuming too much will produce more nitrogenous waste and increase the burden on the kidneys, using low protein starch as a staple food: wheat, corn, rice, etc.; recommended keto acid tablets supplementation of 1 tablet per kg; (8) vegetable protein. 3, fat "good" fat: olive oil, vegetable oil, etc. "Bad" fats: fatty meat, whole milk powder, potato chips, cookies, milk tea, artificial butter, etc. Recommended per capita consumption of oil 25g / d, do not eat or eat less bad fat. 4, dietary fiber soluble: apples, bananas, grapes, etc.; insoluble: celery, cauliflower, konjac, etc.; it is recommended that constipation, obesity and hyperlipidemia patients use more food with high dietary fiber. 5. Potassium: Adjust at any time depending on the changes in the condition When the blood potassium is high (blood potassium >5.5mmol/l) and the urine volume is reduced (less than 1000ml per day), it is required to restrict foods with high potassium content appropriately. Foods with high potassium content: fresh fruits (bananas, oranges, grapefruit, pineapples, dates, etc.), vegetables (tomatoes, mushrooms, carrots, kelp, spinach, celery, etc.), roots and tubers (potatoes, taro, bamboo shoots), fruit juices, beer, red wine. 6, salt: less than 3 grams of real salt per day (1) do not eat brined and pickled foods; (2) low soy sauce, 1 gram of salt is equal to 5 ml of soy sauce; (3) eat freshly cooked food; (4) try more low-salt seasonings: pepper, vinegar, sugar, star anise, pepper, garlic, etc. 4.Vitamins: (1) Properly supplement calcium and osteotriol to prevent osteoporosis. (2) Calcium supplementation: dairy products, small shrimps, soybeans, calcium tablets or keto acid preparations. 5. Nutritional treatment of complications (1) Hyperlipidemia: increase the intake of dietary fiber, reduce the intake of full-fat milk, reduce the intake of fats and oils, and control the intake of cholesterol. (2) Hyperuricemia: maintain body weight, no need to strictly restrict vegetables, avoid beer and yogurt, avoid high purine diet (such as seafood, animal offal, meat soup, hot pot soup, mushrooms, etc.).