Varicocele is a common male disorder in urology. In a man’s scrotum, there is a cord-like tissue consisting of vas deferens, arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels on the left and right sides, which is medically called the spermatic cord. The veins inside the spermatic cord are called spermatic veins. Due to the anatomical structure and factors such as male physiological development, the veins of the spermatic cord tend to stagnate and expand, forming worm-like clusters of veins called varicocele. Varicocele is mostly seen in young and strong men, with a prevalence of about 15%, of which 9% of varicocele patients have infertility problems. According to clinical outpatient surveys, the prevalence is as high as 40% in male infertility patients and 20% in combined pain and discomfort. It is currently known to be an important cause of male infertility. 1.Grading standard Ⅰ degree: the varicose vein is not obvious on palpation, but can be palpated when the patient holds the breath and increases the abdominal pressure; Ⅱ degree: the varicose vein can be palpated under non-breathing condition but the appearance is normal; Ⅲ degree: the varicose vein is like a mass of earthworms, which is extremely obvious on palpation and visual examination. 2.Surgery indications Patients with degree II-III or above combined with oligospermia; patients with degree I-II combined with oligospermia or oligospermia without significant improvement after 3-6 months of conservative treatment; patients with degree I-III combined with scrotal swelling and pain discomfort affecting quality of life. 3.Treatment The treatment of varicocele is mainly surgical. At present, the main surgical methods are open transinguinal surgery, laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation and microscopic spermatic vein ligation. “Microscopic spermatic vein ligation” is easier to identify the testicular arteries, internal spermatic veins and lymphatic vessels than the other two surgical methods by using a microscope with 10 times magnification after finding the spermatic cord. The artery and lymphatic vessels are preserved as much as possible, and all the veins are ligated, which significantly reduces the recurrence rate after surgery compared with other methods and reduces the chance of testicular atrophy after surgery. The chances of scrotal edema and syringomyelia after surgery are also lower. In addition, there is no need to dissect the levator muscle, which can avoid damage to the external spermatic vein and the arteries and veins of the vas deferens and facilitate the establishment and recovery of the lateral branch circulation after surgery. Therefore, the postoperative semen quality improves significantly, with quick recovery and few complications. It has obvious advantages compared with traditional surgery and is recommended by the “Chinese Urological Diseases Treatment Guide” and has become the gold standard for surgical treatment of varicocele.