Surgical procedures for lumbar spondylolisthesis include laminectomy, discectomy, and intervertebral implant fusion, etc. Surgical hazards vary with different surgical procedures, and may include spinal cord injury, hemorrhagic shock, breakage of internal fixation nail rods, fatty liquefaction of the incision, or infections, and other hazards. 1. Spinal cord injury: Because of the need to strip and loosen the nerves during the surgery, the spinal cord and nerves may be damaged due to the instruments and other factors. 2. Hemorrhagic shock: small arteries rupture during surgery, which can cause hemorrhage and life-threatening hemorrhagic shock. 3. Fracture of internal fixation: improper postoperative movement or too much early activity may cause the internal fixation to fracture and loosen, resulting in lumbar spondylolysis. 4. Incision fat liquefaction or infection: postoperative malnutrition or internal fixation foreign body stimulation can lead to incision fat liquefaction, incision does not heal. Incision infection and the body’s immune function and the surgical process of pollution lead to, in severe cases, even cause septic myelitis. Patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis can usually be treated conservatively if there are no obvious symptoms, and surgery can be considered if the condition is severe and conservative treatment is ineffective. Any surgery carries risks, and the hazards and complications of surgery are related to one’s own condition and surgical method, so it is recommended to consult a doctor for specifics.