Lumbar vertebral osteophytes usually do not lead to paralysis, but with the development of the disease, resulting in lumbar disc herniation or spinal stenosis, when severe compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots, it can lead to lumbar pain, leg pain, sciatica, cauda equina syndrome and even incomplete paralysis of the lower limbs and other clinical symptoms. Most of the patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis may not have any discomfort in normal times, and only have lumbar spondylolisthesis detected during physical examination, and some symptomatic patients may show localized lumbar pain, distension and stiffness. When osteophytes develop further and cause nerve root compression symptoms, lumbar pain and radiating pain in the lower limbs may occur, with pain radiating from the buttocks to the lower limbs or feet. Some patients will also be accompanied by numbness in the legs, loss of sensation and weakness in the lower limbs. If lumbar spondylolisthesis continues to develop, it will trigger secondary spinal stenosis, and when it severely compresses the spinal cord and nerve roots, it can lead to clinical symptoms such as lumbago, leg pain, sciatica, cauda equina syndrome and even incomplete paralysis of the lower limbs. Patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis should actively cooperate with doctors for standardized treatment, pay attention to the protection of lumbar vertebrae in daily life, take more rest, avoid frequent bending and weight-bearing activities, train the lumbar back muscles, enhance the stability of lumbar vertebrae, and delay the progression of the disease.