Surgical treatment: 50% of children with congenital hydrocephalus have natural remission during the age of 2 to 5 years old, which is called resting hydrocephalus and may not require treatment. The remaining 50% of children with progressive hydrocephalus, whose skull is significantly enlarged and whose cerebral cortex is thicker than 1 cm, can be treated surgically, and the surgery can be divided into the following categories: a. Etiological treatment: removal of the occupying lesion, decompression of the posterior cranial recess and upper cervical plate for Arnold-Chiari malformation, median foramenotomy for the fourth ventricle for atresia to relieve obstruction, choroid plexus excision or Electrocautery can be performed to reduce cerebrospinal fluid secretion, etc. If the cause cannot be corrected and the effect of drug treatment is poor, intracranial or extracranial cerebrospinal fluid shunts can be used according to the lesion and the site of obstruction, and intracranial shunts are commonly used for ventriculocerebellar medullary pool drainage and triple ventriculostomy. The current efficacy of extracranial shunts is better than ventriculo-atrial shunt and ventriculo-abdominal shunt, but there is a possibility of infection and reobstruction. For those with severe hydrocephalus, low intelligence, blindness and paralysis, and obvious atrophy of brain parenchyma and cortical thickness less than 1 cm, surgery is not suitable.