Infection: The incidence is 7-10%, and up to 30% or more in infants and children. Infections: Post-shunt infections include wound infections with shunt involvement, ventricular infections, abdominal infections, and infected pseudocysts – Risk factors for infection: young age/low weight/poor skin condition/long duration of surgery/open neural tube defects/postoperative wound cerebrospinal fluid leak or wound dehiscence/multiple shunt revisions and other infections (e.g., pneumonia from pediatric flu). Pneumonia), patients often have a low-grade fever or signs of shunt obstruction, meningitis/intracerebroventricular inflammation, peritonitis and cellulitis – Clinical signs are irritability, headache/nausea and vomiting, lethargy/loss of appetite, abdominal pain, redness and swelling of the shunt and cervical tonicity – Ventricular changes on head CT may or may not be present – Once shunt infection is suspected, the cerebrospinal fluid in the shunt should be extracted for laboratory tests, routine cerebrospinal fluid and biochemical tests, and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests – Routine peripheral blood tests and blood cultures – Intravenous application of broad-spectrum antibiotics at the same time – If cerebrospinal fluid tests If infection is confirmed, surgical removal of the shunt is required – External ventricular drainage and placement of a central vein – Systemic antibiotics until the infection is controlled and the new shunt is relocated