Pathological changes such as cortical gliosis, infarction and calcification, subcortical vacuolization, and abnormal enlargement of large cerebral veins and connection with many fine arteries. Brain injury occurs mainly by mechanisms such as arterial blood theft, cerebral ischemia secondary to heart failure, hemorrhagic infarction, lesion compression, and surgical trauma. The following diseases may also be the cause of cortical gliosis: 1. Pediatric congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure is referred to as heart failure. Heart failure is a cardiac dysfunction in which the cardiac output is reduced to meet the needs of the body. Clinically, heart failure is a syndrome consisting of 4 parts: cardiac dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, congestion in the pulmonary circulation, and the late development of arrhythmias. Cardiac dysfunction is required to constitute heart failure, and the other three components are clinical manifestations of the compensatory mechanisms of cardiac insufficiency. The early stage is compensated by accelerating the heart rate, myocardial hypertrophy and heart enlargement, when the blood displacement to meet the needs of the body only cardiac dysfunction, there are no signs of heart failure yet, called the compensatory period of cardiac function. During this period, the disease progresses with pulmonary and/or body circulation stasis, shortness of breath, superficiality, cough and perioral cyanosis, jugular venous anger, hepatosplenomegaly and edema. The clinical manifestation is congestive heart failure. Heart failure is a serious health hazard for children and is a common pediatric emergency that should be rescued promptly. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the most common type of malformation caused by abnormal development of cerebral blood vessels. It accounts for more than 90% of cerebrovascular malformation. The malformed vessels are composed of arteries and veins, some of them contain aneurysm and venous aneurysm, and the arteriovenous malformation has blood supplying arteries and draining veins, and its size and shape are various. 3.Big cerebral vein aneurysm Big cerebral vein aneurysm is mainly aneurysmal expansion of big cerebral vein rather than real aneurysm, so it is also called big cerebral vein aneurysm-like vascular malformation. This disease is a relatively rare cerebral vascular malformation. 4, thrombosis Thrombosis refers to the human or animal during survival due to certain triggers, the blood has formed components in the circulating blood abnormal blood clots, or in the heart wall or blood vessel wall blood deposits. 5.Pediatric heart failure Generic heart failure (heart failure) is defined as a pathophysiological concept, that is, heart failure as cardiac dysfunction, cardiac output can not meet the needs of the body. Clinically, heart failure is a severe stage of various heart diseases and is a syndrome consisting of 4 components: cardiac dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, congestion of the pulmonary and physical circulation, and the late development of arrhythmias. Cardiac dysfunction is required to constitute heart failure, and the other three components are clinical manifestations of the compensatory mechanisms of cardiac insufficiency.