Proprietary Chinese medicine is a commercial preparation made in certain dosage forms according to fixed Chinese medicine prescriptions, including honey pills, water pills, punch, powder tablets, tablets, water, syrup, ointment, oral liquid and other dosage forms. Its characteristics, easy to carry, can be taken in time, no decoction trouble, the application of appropriate can achieve reliable efficacy, low price, less toxic side effects, etc., for thousands of years has been very popular with patients. However, if the medicinal properties of proprietary Chinese medicine and the theory of Chinese medicine treatment are half understood, often improper use, treatment is ineffective, and even aggravate the disease, delaying the treatment.
Dosage form refers to the form of drug preparation. At present, there are more than 40 kinds of common Chinese medicine dosage forms, including traditional dosage forms such as soup, pill, powder, paste, potion, wine, gum and dew, and modern dosage forms such as tablet, punch, injection, capsule and aerosol.
I. The ten commonly used dosage forms of Chinese medicine and their characteristics are as follows.
1. Tonics
It is the most common dosage form used in Chinese medicine. Its advantage is that it can be flexibly added or subtracted according to the changes of the disease, so as to achieve individualized and effective treatment. Most of the tonics are compound formulas, which are generally clear in terms of ruler, subject and adjuvant, simple in preparation and fast in absorption. However, they are large in volume, have a bitter taste, are not easy to carry with you on business trips, and require an environment for preservation, otherwise they are prone to deterioration. Decoct one patch of Chinese medicine with water to extract juice, repeat 2 to 3 times, and mix the filtrate obtained each time well, and take it in 2 to 3 times. It is characterized by the convenience and flexibility of adding or subtracting prescriptions, easy absorption by mouth and quick effect. However, there are shortcomings in the soup such as the trouble of decoction and the difficulty of preservation.
2.Pill
Commonly known as pills, it is one of the oldest dosage forms. It is a spherical dosage form made of fine powder of herbs with binder or extract of herbs and excipient. Because it is easy to take and carry, cover the bad odor of the drug with the help of coating, as well as moderate and long-lasting effect, it is often used in the treatment of chronic diseases and the reconciliation of qi and blood. There are five types of pills, including water pills, honey pills, paste pills, wax pills and concentrated pills, depending on the type of binder. Water pills are inexpensive, but they tend to harden after being placed in the body, making it difficult for them to exert their medicinal effects in time. Honey pills are mostly used for chronic or debilitated patients, but they are prone to insects and mildew after storage for a long time. Wax pills should be heated to make it melt and then served warm. Concentrated pills are small in size and contain a large amount of medicine, which is easy to take, but the disintegration degree sometimes does not meet the requirements and affect the efficacy.
3.Punch
In granular form, when used with warm boiling water, refers to the dried granular preparation made of fine powder or extracts of herbs, etc., is the development of tonics, syrups and infusions, easy to take, good taste, most suitable for patients with chronic diseases and children, is a new development of tonics, not only to maintain the characteristics of tonics fast efficacy, but also to overcome the shortcomings of tonics large volume, easy to rot and deterioration. Then add a lot of powdered sugar, with the characteristics of syrup agent, especially suitable for children. Such as cold punch, cough punch, etc.
4.Dispersant
Commonly known as medicine powder. It is one of the oldest dosage forms, which is a dry powder made by crushing one or more drugs and mixing them evenly. Can be taken internally and can be used externally, such as tin type of powder, can be taken internally to treat colonic ulcers, external blowing throat can be used to treat oral mucosal ulcers, throat ulcers, etc.. In addition, there are also qi li san, which activates blood circulation and relieves pain; wuling san, which is used to promote water circulation and promote drenching; tong guan san, which is used to treat closed orifices of stroke by blowing the nose and taking sneeze. Dispersant is easy to process, convenient to use and fast to absorb, but the disadvantage is that the aromatic ingredients can easily evaporate and affect the efficacy. Some of them are more irritating and easily absorb moisture and deteriorate, so they need to be stored airtight.
5.Ointment
Also known as decoction. It is divided into two kinds of creams for internal use and external use. Internal cream is a thick and semi-fluid dosage form made by decocting the drug with water, removing the residue and extracting the juice, and then adding refined honey or sugar after concentration. It is characterized by its thick texture and sweet taste, calm medicinal properties, easy to take and absorb beer, and quick effect. Topical ointment, mostly ointment, with plant extracts of drugs with beer ingredients, plus red Dan refining, through the external paste treatment of scabies and sores or rheumatic pain and other diseases.
6.Wine
It is a dosage form that uses yellow wine (ethanol content about 15%) or white wine (ethanol content about 50% to 60%) as the solvents to leach the Chinese medicine. Sometimes cane sugar or honey is also added to correct the taste. It is simple to make, not bad for long storage, and can be taken both inside and outside. Commonly used are wind chasing and activating wine, as well as ginseng wine, ginseng wine and Shi Guogong wine, which are suitable for tonic drinks. It is characterized by low dosage, good absorption and quick effect. However, it is only suitable for cold and deficiency diseases, and should be used with caution or forbidden for those who do not drink alcohol and should not drink alcohol.
7.Tablets
It is a kind of dosage form that is widely used in clinical practice. According to the ratio of powder and concentrated infusion made of raw herbal tablets, infusion tablets, semi-infusion tablets, etc.. Tablets have the advantages of small size, accurate dose, stable quality, easy to take and carry. The disadvantage is that children and coma patients are not easy to swallow, improper storage will disintegrate, etc.
8.Drops
It is a highly efficient and fast-acting oral dosage form developed in the 1960s, mostly used for insoluble, not easily absorbed or irritating drugs, and is an innovation of pills. After taking, the cofactor dissolves rapidly and the drug is
The particles are precipitated and absorbed more quickly. Such as Su Bing drip pills, rue oil drip pills, etc.
9.Ointment
It is an oral dosage form of traditional Chinese medicine paste. It is mainly for tonic purposes and tastes good because it contains cane sugar and honey. Such as ten whole tonic cream, loquat cream, motherwort cream, etc.
10, poultice: commonly known as black poultice, is made of drugs boiled with oil, with swelling, pulling poison, decay, muscle and other effects, commonly used in the treatment of bruises and injuries, rheumatic pain and other diseases. Such as dog skin cream and Wan Ying cream.
Second, the serving method of proprietary Chinese medicine
1, grasp the main symptoms, smart analysis, choose the appropriate drugs. Generally, the outer packaging of proprietary Chinese medicine, are marked with the name of the medicine, function, main treatment, composition, serving method and other related content. When choosing Chinese medicine, we should be good at theoretical knowledge of Chinese medicine, grasp the main symptoms of the disease, make a correct judgment of the disease, and then choose the corresponding Chinese medicine with the disease. For example, if you have a cold, wind-cold, wind-heat, summer dampness, gas deficiency types, if you have fever heavy fear of cold light, you can choose to have the effect of dispersing wind-heat “Antelope cold tablets”; Similarly, to seize the main symptoms of fever light fear of cold heavy, you can describe the “cold and clear heat punch”; summer cold and fever sweating, irritable thirst, with Rui Xiang Zheng Qi Wan, water, capsule is most appropriate, if repeated cold, accompanied by fatigue, sweating and fear of wind, then to If you have repeated colds, with fatigue, sweating and fear of wind, then “Yu Ping Feng Oral Liquid” is the most appropriate. If you are good at grasping the main symptoms, smart analysis, you can receive the effect of medicine to reduce or remove the disease.
2, look at the dosage form, clear efficacy, pay attention to the method of taking. There are many proprietary Chinese medicine dosage forms, and each has its own usage due to its efficacy and different taking mechanisms. Generally, the internal consumption of proprietary Chinese medicines are required to be served with warm water. The large honey nine should be chewed or chopped and then served with warm water, not swallowed whole. If you are in a coma, you should mix the medicine into a paste with boiling water beforehand and take it through a nasal feeding tube, and do not pry your teeth to avoid damaging your mouth and teeth. Infants and children have difficulty in taking the medicine, so they can take the medicine in small amounts for several times, or take it with water or diluted rice porridge as appropriate.
Generally, topical medications should not be taken internally, especially those containing poisonous ingredients, such as “Ti Poison San”, “Ru Yi Jin Huang San” and “Tong Qiao San”. The usage of topical Chinese medicines varies: pearl powder and myogenic powder should be spread directly on the sore surface; Ruyi Jinhuang powder should be applied to the affected area with vinegar; force plucking poison powder should be spread on oil paper with egg white and then applied to the affected area. Various blending methods are conducive to enhancing the medicinal power. In addition, the ointment in the fire baked after closing to wait for its slightly cold. In order to avoid burning the skin: blowing throat medicine blowing throat should be slightly to the side, so as not to blow the human trachea, ear drops should be cleaned before dropping medicine in the external ear canal.
3. Investigate the source of the disease, emphasize the origin of the disease, and choose the medicine guide appropriately. The medicine guide is also indispensable for proprietary Chinese medicine. The significance of the medicine primer is to carry the medicine directly to the disease and promote the healing effect. For example, “Ginseng Reclamation Pill”, “Da Luo Lao Pill”, “Qi Li San”, etc. should be taken with warm yellow wine to facilitate the warming of the meridians and channels, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It is advisable to use ginger broth to send down the pills such as Fuzi Rizhong Pills and Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Pills to warm up and disperse the cold inside, calm the stomach and stop vomiting. It is advisable to take Liu Wei Di Huang Long and Jin Kui Gou Jing Wan in light salt soup to induce the medicine to the kidney and enhance the therapeutic effect. The decoction of Jiao Shanzha, Jiao Shenqu and Jiao Maiba should be taken to enhance the detoxification and antipyretic effect.
4, examine the time of the disease, the disease, master the time to take medicine. The occurrence, development and prognosis of diseases are closely related to the changes of the time, and people and nature are corresponding, which is the basic idea of time medicine. This is the basic idea of time medicine. It is also necessary to choose the right time to take Chinese medicine according to the condition. Generally speaking, if you take Chinese medicines, tonic or deficiency products, you should take them once in the morning and once in the evening on an empty stomach. Such as nourishing and tonic drugs, such as Ginseng Yang Rong Pill, Liu Wei Di Huang Pill, and Ten Complete Tonic Pill, etc., should be taken on an empty stomach before meals. For stomachic, smooth gas and appetite suppressants, such as Da Shan Zha Wan, Xiang Sha Yang Gastric Pill, Ginseng Jian Shen Wan, Bao He Wan, etc. should be taken about 15 minutes after meals, and drugs that stimulate the stomach and intestines should be taken after meals. It is advisable to take sedative and tranquilizing drugs such as Tianwang Tonic Heart Dan, Pai Zi Yang Xin Wan and An Xin Ding Zhi Wan half an hour before going to bed. The medicine for the treatment of intestinal parasites, such as Huayuwan and Feierwan, should be taken in the early morning on an empty stomach. Guanxin Suhe Wan and Heixidan should be taken during the attack of the disease. Externally applied Jinhuang San, etc. should be changed once a day; Jiu Yi Dan, etc. should be changed once a day; cloth plasters and rubber plasters should be removed after 2-3 days of local itching, and reapplied at intervals of 1-2 days. As for the course of treatment, the acute disease can be cured to stop the drug. Chronic disease to 20-30 days for a course of treatment.
5, follow the doctor’s instructions, understand the law, and abide by the drug contraindications. The contraindications in the drug instructions must be strictly observed. During the medication period, generally avoid eating cold, greasy and irritating food. Such as hot evidence avoid spicy, greasy; cold evidence avoid cold; pregnant women are cautious to use blood-breaking and menstruation, flow of Qi, diarrhea and water; skin diseases, sores, asthma, cough patients avoid eating fish, shrimp and other sea food.
In addition, the dosage of proprietary Chinese medicine should be strictly in accordance with the package. If the dosage is too small, it will affect the curative effect; if the dosage is too large, it will also produce adverse consequences. Especially toxic Chinese medicines should not be overdosed to avoid poisoning. It is appropriate to choose 1 to 2 kinds of Chinese medicines each time. The dosage for children is 1/4 of that for adults at the age of 1 year; 1/3 of that for adults at the age of 2-5 years; 1/2 of that for adults at the age of 5-10 years; and the amount for adults can be considered above the age of 10 years.