Gout is a disease caused by disorders of purine metabolism and/or reduced uric acid excretion, which is closely related to modern economic development and dietary structure. I. Food is divided into 3 categories according to the amount of purine in the food: Category 1: High purine food, gout patients should be contraindicated: 1, legumes and vegetables: soybeans, mushrooms, lentils, purple cabbage. 2, meat: poultry and livestock liver, kidney, heart, brain, pancreas and other offal, meat pies, broth, etc.
3, aquatic products: carp, mackerel, fish eggs, small shrimp, oysters, dried fish and sardines, shellfish, shrimp, sea cucumber. 4.Other: all kinds of wine and beer. Category 2: medium purine food, gout patients should be limited to eat.
1, beans extremely products: peas, lentils, soy products (tofu, dried beans, dairy tofu, soy milk, soy milk), dry beans (green beans, red beans, black beans, fava beans), bean seedlings, bean sprouts. 2, meat: poultry, cattle, pigs and sheep meat and other livestock meat.
3, aquatic products: grass carp, carp, crab, fish balls. 4, vegetables: spinach, asparagus, green beans, beans, peas, kelp, golden needles, silver fungus, mushrooms, cauliflower.
5. Fats and oils and others: peanuts, cashew nuts, sesame seeds, chestnuts, lotus seeds, almonds. Category 3: low purine food, gout patients can safely eat: 1, staple food: rice, wheat, pasta products, starch, sorghum, potatoes, etc. 2. Milk: milk, cheese, ice cream, etc.
3, meat: eggs and pig, chicken and duck blood, etc. 4.Vegetables: Most vegetables are low purine food.
Fruits: Fruits are basically low purine foods and can be eaten with no worries. 6. Beverages: mineral water, soda, cola, soft drinks, tea, fruit juice, coffee, chocolate, jelly sugar, honey. In short: eat more vegetarian food and less meat, eat more eggplant and lettuce. Forbidden to eat spinach, beans, baby carrots, etc., because spinach and other plants rich in oxalic acid, easy to cause high oxalic acid urine multiplied, making the uric acid surge, increasing the burden on the kidneys. Second, the choice of acute and remission diets Acute phase: foods with high purine content should be strictly limited to avoid excessive intake of exogenous purine. The main source of high quality protein in the diet is milk and eggs, and the main source of calories is refined white flour and rice. Choose vegetables and fruits with low purine content and limit the amount of fat. In remission: Give a normal balanced diet to maintain ideal body weight and normal blood uric acid level. As protein intake can accelerate the synthesis of uric acid in gout patients, daily intake should not exceed 1g/kg. avoid food group 1, choose food group 3 in limited quantity, choose food group 3 2 days a week and choose food group 2 containing medium amount of purine 5 days a week. We should continue to maintain the ideal weight and avoid weight gain, and the fat limit should be adhered to for a long time. Encourage the selection of alkaline food: increasing the intake of alkaline food can reduce the concentration of serum uric acid and even make the urine alkaline, thus increasing the solubility of uric acid in the urine and promoting the excretion of uric acid. Patients should be encouraged to choose alkaline foods such as vegetables and fruits, which can both promote the excretion of uric acid and supply rich vitamins and inorganic salts to facilitate the recovery of gout. Such as vegetables, potatoes, sweet potatoes, milk, citrus, etc. Try to eat less acidic food. Because acid will inhibit uric acid discharge. Fourth, encourage patients to drink more water: as urine pH
6.0 or below, it is necessary to take the alkaline drug sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine and facilitate the ionization, dissolution and excretion of uric acid. Therefore, it is necessary to drink more water to dilute the urine, and the total daily fluid intake should reach 2500-3000
ml per day, so that the volume of urine excretion reaches more than 2000 ml per day to prevent the formation of stones. To prevent concentration of urine, let the patient drink water at bedtime or in the middle of the night. Accurately record the patient’s water intake and urine volume. V. Limit the consumption of alcohol and drinks in moderation: drinking alcohol tends to make lactic acid accumulate in the body, and lactic acid has a competitive inhibitory effect on the excretion of uric acid. Therefore, although a large amount of alcohol can also make a significant increase in serum uric acid content, inducing gout attacks. Chronic alcohol consumption in small amounts can stimulate an increase in purine synthesis and raise serum and urine uric acid levels. Beer also contains components of alcohol, so it should be avoided. Tea base or caffeine is metabolized into methyl urate in the body, not urate, not deposited in gout stones, can not generate gout stones, so coffee, cocoa, tea is not strictly limited, can be used in moderation, yogurt because it contains more lactic acid, is not good for gout patients, so should not drink. You should try to eat less sucrose or beet sugar, because half of them become fructose after decomposition and metabolism, and fructose can increase the generation of uric acid, honey also contains high fructose, should not be consumed. Smoking should be prohibited. Sixth, pay attention to food cooking methods: reasonable cooking methods can reduce the amount of purine contained in food, such as cooking meat first, abandoning the soup before cooking. The use of strong stimulating seasonings or spices, such as chili, curry, pepper, mustard, ginger and other food seasonings, can excite the plant nerves, inducing acute attacks of gout, should be avoided as far as possible. Seven, exercise therapy: appropriate exercise can prevent gout attacks, reduce visceral fat, reduce insulin resistance. The amount of exercise is generally moderate exercise is appropriate. The type of exercise to walk, play tennis, fitness exercise and other aerobic exercise with high oxygen consumption is good. Vigorous exercise makes aerobic exercise to anaerobic exercise, tissue oxygen consumption increases, anaerobic enzymatic lactic acid production increases and pH drops, etc., which can induce acute gout attack, so it should be avoided as much as possible. Soak your feet in hot water (20-30min), soak your feet in hot water or exercise appropriately to speed up blood circulation and prompt the body to resume normal work. Eight, tension, excessive fatigue, anxiety, strong mental trauma when easy to induce gout. It is necessary to combine work and rest, ensure sleep, and live a regular life to eliminate all kinds of psychological stress. Maintain the ideal weight, overweight or obese should reduce weight. However, weight reduction should be gradual, otherwise it will easily lead to ketosis or acute attacks of gout. Nine.
Quit smoking completely! Some substances contained in cigarettes can induce gout and aggravate joint inflammation. Avoid using drugs that inhibit uric acid excretion, such as diuretics.