With the improvement of ultrasound diagnosis, the detection rate of thyroid nodules is gradually increasing, and many of them are also malignant tumors of the thyroid gland – thyroid cancer. However, we often hear about “non-surgical treatment of thyroid disease” and “minimally invasive treatment of thyroid tumor”, are these treatments reliable? The so-called non-surgical and minimally invasive treatments for thyroid tumors are just local injections of drugs or the thermal damage effect of microwave/radio frequency to destroy thyroid tumor cells. The biggest gimmick of this therapy is that it captures the fear of surgery of many patients and exaggerates the feature of less invasive treatment, without informing the long-term efficacy of the treatment method on the tumor, especially on the biological behavior of malignant tumor metastasis. Will the physical stimuli produced by the treatment itself lead to changes in the biological behavior of benign tumors? These technical specifications that oncologic surgeons must consider and strictly enforce during surgery are not taken into account at all during these “new treatments”, and the possible consequences are unknown. Injectable therapy and microwave radiofrequency therapy have not been approved in the guidelines issued by the Chinese Medical Association for the treatment of thyroid nodules, and although there are experiences of successful treatment for special populations (e.g., elderly patients, patients who cannot tolerate surgery), their long-term efficacy and safety have not been scientifically proven. On the other hand, the treatment of thyroid malignancy includes not only the tumor itself but also the standardized lymph node dissection, which is not possible with the above mentioned “new treatments”. Another hidden trap is what to do if the treatment is not effective? Many patients have achieved some degree of remission with these treatments, but many patients still turn to surgeons because their thyroid nodules have grown again. In our experience, patients treated with injections and microwave therapy have relatively obvious local adhesions that make it difficult to identify structures that would otherwise be easily exposed, thus significantly increasing the risk of surgery, especially hoarseness from damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a complication that rarely occurs for an experienced thyroid surgeon. Therefore, patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules should follow the advice of a specialist (thyroid tumors are general surgical diseases and functional thyroid diseases are endocrine diseases) and not follow the “no surgery” advice unilaterally, which may lead to irreversible regrets during the treatment process.