Traditional Chinese medicine treatment has traditionally emphasized the importance of dietary cooperation, and dietary health education for patients is part of our clinical medical work, and this is especially true for uremic patients. Although we have done a lot of guidance, many uremic patients always have a blank on uremic diet, also often because of improper diet, resulting in poor treatment of uremic patients. The following is my clinical summary of some of the content, I hope that the majority of patients will help. 1, low protein, low phosphorus diet The problem of protein intake is a problem that almost all kidney patients have to face. For patients in the early stage of chronic kidney disease, protein intake cannot be excessively restricted; however, when uremia occurs, the excretion of protein metabolites by the kidneys is reduced, which increases the blood urea nitrogen in the body and increases the burden on the kidneys. At this time we have to strictly limit protein intake, which means a low protein diet and a low phosphorus diet. It is now believed that starting a low-protein diet early is more beneficial to the protection of kidney function than starting it late. When the endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) is around 55ml/min, a low protein diet should be given, equivalent to 0.8g of protein per kg of body weight per day (0.8g/kg/d), with sufficient calories; when the Ccr is less than 55ml/min, the daily protein intake should not be more than 0.6g/kg/d. Protein should be mainly high quality protein intake, such as milk, etc. All kinds of dairy products, fish, lean meat, eggs, etc. Be careful with vegetable proteins such as soy milk, tofu, etc. Low phosphorus diet means that phosphorus in the diet is limited to 0.8-1.0 g/d. Phosphorus is mainly contained in protein, in a sense naturally obtained from a low protein diet. Control the intake of phosphorus can prevent high blood phosphorus caused by bone softening. 2, light diet, limit sodium Uremic patients should eat easily digestible, calm and non-irritating food, reduce the intake of high cholesterol and high saturated fatty acid content of food, so as to avoid aggravating the intestinal tract and kidney burden. Avoid eating indigestible foods such as fried and smoked foods, spicy and irritating foods, spinach, bamboo shoots, amaranth, etc., which contain more oxalic acid, soybeans and soy products, animal offal, thick chicken soup, butter, etc., and eat light foods to avoid further deterioration of kidney function. For patients in the stable stage, when edema and other symptoms are not obvious, salt intake should also be properly controlled; when patients have severe edema and heart failure, salt intake should be strictly limited, or even given a salt-free diet for a short period of time. This includes restricting salt and other foods with high sodium content, such as soda crackers, lye buns, meat loaf, etc. Those with edema or hypertension should limit salt intake to 2-4 grams per day; those with high edema should control it to less than 2 grams per day, and salted fish, all kinds of salted vegetables and salt-pickled foods should be avoided, and the amount of sodium salt should be gradually increased after the edema subsides. According to analysis, the sodium content per 100 grams of commonly used food is below 100 mg: beef, pork, chicken, cabbage, lettuce, winter melon, watermelon, pumpkin, loofah, tomato, taro, water chestnut, amaranth, onion, leek, beans, orange, apple, pear, etc.; the sodium content of food is above 200 mg: tofu, mushroom, purple cabbage, squash, fennel, winter vegetables, snow peas, shrimp, sauce, etc. 3, avoid high potassium high purine food When uremic patients have less urine or even no urine, and when avoid high potassium food, especially bananas, oranges, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce, etc.. Because the potassium ion is excreted with the urine, if the urine volume is less then the potassium excreted less, eat more then there is a risk of hyperkalemia, which will endanger the heart, and even inhibit the heartbeat and accidents. If the daily urine volume of nephritis patients is above 1,000 ml, the intake of potassium salt may not be controlled; if the urine volume is below 1,000 ml, or if there is hyperkalemia, it is advisable to eat low potassium items. According to the analysis, 100 mg of potassium per 100 grams of common food contains less than 100 mg: eggs, intestines, pig blood, pig skin, sea cucumber, gluten, lotus root powder, cold noodles, vermicelli, rhizome, pumpkin, melon, etc.; potassium content of 300 mg or more: meat, animal offal, chicken, fish, shrimp, jellyfish, eel, peanuts, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rape, spinach, watercress, coriander, squash, mushrooms, kelp, wood ear, purple cabbage, dates, etc. fungus, nori, dates, persimmon cake, ham, dried scallops, shrimp, etc. Soybeans and soy products, animal offal, seafood and shrimp, spinach, mushrooms, thick chicken soup and beer are all rich in purines and should be avoided because these foods can lead to increased uric acid levels in the blood and aggravate kidney damage. 4.Adequate carbohydrates Due to the restriction of protein intake, heat energy is mainly supplied by carbohydrates (mainly sugar and starch), so the sugar in the diet should be appropriately increased to meet the body’s demand for heat energy; in addition, adequate heat energy supply can reduce the consumption of protein, reduce the burden on the kidneys, and can make the small amount of ingested protein completely used for tissue repair and growth and development, and these After metabolism in the body, these foods produce water and carbon dioxide, which will not increase the burden on the kidneys. Such foods are rice and noodle grains, kudzu flour, potatoes, lotus root powder, yam, honey, etc. 5, appropriate supplementation of vitamins and minerals Uremic patients have poor appetite and unbalanced nutrition, so they should eat foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin B, vitamin D, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, or oral supplemental vitamin tablets to prevent vitamin deficiency. Uremia is often accompanied by symptoms of anemia, mainly caused by the lack of hematopoietic materials, so uremic patients should also choose some iron-rich foods, such as pig liver, eggs, tomatoes, dates and green leafy vegetables. For patients with severe edema and little urine, the daily water intake should also be strictly controlled, generally on the basis of the daily urine volume of no more than 500 ml. This is because the water that is drunk cannot be excreted and is retained in the body, which can cause edema to aggravate sudden heart failure and other accidents. Some patients the day before dialysis think that it’s okay to drink more water since they have to do hemodialysis the next day anyway, this mentality is very dangerous! Diet control is a basic treatment for uremic patients. A good diet and dietary management can slow down the progress of the disease and avoid sudden accidents, improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients, so I hope that all patients will pay attention to this in their daily lives and follow it consciously.