Cutaneous hemangiomas and vascular malformations are common in infants and young children, and they tend to occur on the head, face, extremities and body surface areas, obviously affecting the aesthetics. At the same time, many lesions encroach on mucous membranes, muscles, bones, and intracranial areas, causing certain physiological dysfunction. Some of the lesions can be secondary to infection, bleeding, ulceration, etc. Traditional classifications include nevus, capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, and mixed hemangioma. The latest biological classification method divides vascular lesions into hemangiomas and vascular malformations, and the common vascular lesions in infants and children are outlined below. Infantile hemangiomas have a clinical incidence of 4%, with all lesions appearing within the first few weeks of life and congenital onset rare. The incidence is three times higher in female infants than in male infants. They are classified as capillary hemangioma (superficial type), cavernous hemangioma and mixed hemangioma. The pathology is a mass of proliferating active endothelial cells forming a mass. The tumor usually proliferates rapidly within 6 months, after which it enters the receding period. The growth of hemangioma gradually stops and starts to recede slowly until the receding completion period, which can take up to about 10 years. 2.Congenital hemangioma is usually present after birth and is divided into rapidly regressing and non-regressing congenital hemangioma. Rapidly fading congenital hemangiomas fade faster than infantile hemangiomas, with clinical manifestations of pale white edges around the hemangioma and depressions or scarring in the center after partial fading, with no gender bias in incidence. The histological manifestations are different from those of infantile hemangiomas in that the capillary lobules forming the tumor tissue in these tumors are separated by normal dense fibrous tissue components, accompanied by skin atrophy and the absence of skin appendages in the lesion area. Most of the lesions appear before the age of 2 years. The lesions appear as locally infiltrating vascular plaques or dark, bulging, hard masses, which do not fade on their own and are often associated with a severe reduction in platelets. Plexiform hemangioma, which develops in more than 50% of cases under 5 years of age, presents as uneven pink to red macules, patches, and aggregated papules that can affect a large portion of the body, with more stable lesions that rarely resolve on their own. Special types of hemangioma are difficult to identify and diagnose clinically and need to be judged based on pathological examination results. 4.Vascular malformations Most of them appear at birth and expand proportionally with the growth of infants. Trauma, infection, hormone level changes, etc. promote the growth of lesions, and there is no gender preference. The midline type microvenous malformation can usually fade on its own. There are many treatment options available for infantile hemangiomas, but there is no uniform standard or proven method. The balance of life, function, and beauty is also the goal of hemangioma treatment, and the site where the hemangioma is growing is the first factor to be considered in treatment. Before treatment, a thorough examination and understanding of the child’s general condition and the specific nature of the hemangioma lesions, especially the extent of the lesions, must be conducted. General interventions include: follow-up observation, laser treatment, local injections, oral hormones, tumor restraint, limited sclerotherapy, surgical treatment, and interventional treatment. The choice of specific treatment methods depends on the patient’s age, the location, type, morphology, and progression of the tumor. For example, infantile hemangioma and congenital hemangioma with rapid regression can be considered for follow-up observation, while hemangioma in rapid proliferation and congenital hemangioma without regression need active treatment, especially if they are located in the face, five senses, perineum and other parts that easily affect the aesthetics and function. The treatment of hemangioma often requires a combination of multiple treatment methods to achieve a more satisfactory treatment effect.