CA is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by HPV infection. The incidence of CA is increasing year by year in China. not only the incidence of CA is high, but also the recurrence rate is high. It has been reported that the recurrence rate of CA after treatment is as high as 30%-70%, and the recurrence time is mainly concentrated in 3-6 months after treatment. There are many factors associated with CA recurrence, which have been shown by domestic and foreign scholars to be the following: 1. [HPV subclinical infection (SPI) and latent infection (LPI)]: There are a large number of clinically undetected SPI and LPI, where SPI refers to clinically unrecognizable lesions that require magnification, endoscopy or white acetate test to be observed, and histological and cytological examination has typical changes of HPV infection. LPI refers to a state of HPV presence that does not cause any clinical manifestations or histological and cytological changes after HPV enters the skin mucosa, and the vinegar white test (-), but HPV infection can be detected at the local skin mucosa by molecular biological methods (PCR, nucleic acid hybridization, etc.). In fact, SPI, LPI and typical skin lesions are both manifestation forms of CA. SPI and LPI are difficult to be completely removed in conventional treatment, and can develop into dominant infection under certain conditions (such as decreased immune function of the organism), which is the most important factor of CA recurrence, so paying attention to HPV subclinical infection and latent infection detection and simultaneous treatment is the key to control recurrence. 2, [low body immunity]: the body for HPV is mainly cellular immunity, CA patients in vivo and local skin mucosa there are varying degrees of low cellular immune function, the performance of relapsed patients is more obvious, the patient lesions and surrounding epidermis Langerhans cells LC morphology abnormal, missing, it is difficult to present the epidermis of the virus antigen to the immune active cells in the dermis, can not induce stimulation against HPV The specific cellular as well as humoral immune responses are not induced, resulting in the persistence of lesions or relapse after treatment. 3. [Viral load]: Clinical detection by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology revealed that the average HPV-DNA load of relapsed CA patients was significantly higher than that of first-episode patients, suggesting a higher local HPV viral replication of the infection. 4, [with other STD]: CA with other STD can reduce the resistance of CA patients in vivo and locally and increase the recurrence rate of CA. Because the combined other infections can destroy the skin mucosal barrier, delay the repair of epithelium, and increase the possibility of viral infection spread. 5, [re-infection contact]: again high-risk sexual behavior and contact with untreated infected sexual partners can also cause CA recurrence. 6, [circumcision]: circumcision leads to an increase in the local temperature and humidity of the lesion as well as the formation of foreskin scale, a breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms, so that the barrier function of local epithelial cells is impaired, increasing the chances of HPV infection and dissemination. 7, [psychological factors]: the majority of CA patients can show strong fear and guilt, depression and anxiety and other psychological disorders, the patient’s bad mood can cause the body’s cellular immune function is low, so that the virus replication increased, some patients take incorrect excessive cleaning means, but lead to the destruction of the local skin mucosa barrier, easy to cause recurrence. In conclusion: the key to control CA recurrence lies in the simultaneous treatment of subclinical infection and latent infection and regular follow-up examinations, measures to enhance the local cellular immune response of patients, and giving patients health education, including good lifestyle habits, appropriate psychotherapy, and co-treatment of sexual partners to avoid re-infection.