In clinical practice, we sometimes encounter couples who have been married for several years and are infertile, and then go to the hospital and find that the male partner has low sperm count and weak motility, and the ultrasound reveals “varicocele”, and then they are admitted to the urology department to undergo “high level ligation of spermatic veins”. After one year, most of the couples got pregnant successfully. What is “varicocele”? I believe that most people are not familiar with this disease. In fact, “varicocele” is a common male disease in urology, mostly seen in young adults, with an incidence of 10% to 15% in the male population, with the left side being the most common. This disease has abnormal changes in semen in 50% to 80% of patients, and 35% to 40% of male infertility patients are caused by varicocele. Varicocele is an abnormal elongation, dilation and tortuosity of the veins in the spermatic cord due to obstruction of blood return for various reasons. Primary varicocele may have a history of male infertility, but mild lesions are asymptomatic and are often detected by infertility testing. If the symptoms are severe, they may be manifested as a feeling of swelling and vague pain in the affected scrotum, which may be aggravated by walking or standing for a long time and may be relieved or disappear after lying down and resting, and the examination may reveal distension of the scrotum on one side, drooping of the testicles, and even a worm-like varicose vein mass in the scrotum may be felt or seen. Color Doppler ultrasonography can help in the diagnosis. Modern medical opinion is that once varicocele is detected, it should be treated actively. Since 1991, laparoscopic surgery has been used at home and abroad to treat varicocele, which is very traumatic, with fast recovery and good results. The Department of Urology of Qingyuan People’s Hospital has mastered laparoscopic varicocele surgery, which has been clinically applied in many cases with safe and reliable efficacy and can be cured and discharged from hospital in only 4 to 6 days. Varicocele should be treated by surgery before 30 years old, but the postoperative effect is poor in older patients. More than half of the patients have significant improvement in semen quality after surgery. In addition, intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal tumors, hydronephrosis or ectopic vascular compression of the spermatic veins can also cause varicocele, which is called secondary varicocele. It should be examined and identified by a specialist, and the primary disease should be treated actively.