Pancreatic nodules can be either benign or malignant tumors. Benign tumors include islet cell tumors, solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas, mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas, plasmacytic cystadenoma of the pancreas, pancreatic lipomas, and pancreatic fibromas. Malignant tumors include gastrinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, and pancreatic mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma. The commonly referred to pancreatic cancer mainly refers to pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma, more than 85% of which occurs in the head of the pancreas. Therefore, pancreatic nodules are not necessarily pancreatic cancer, and pancreatic cancer is only one type of pancreatic malignant tumor. Clinically, if pancreatic nodules are detected by ultrasound or plain CT, enhanced CT or MRI as well as tumor markers and other related tests are needed to further clarify the nature of the nodules. If necessary, a puncture biopsy can be performed by ultrasound endoscopy to obtain a more definite pathological diagnosis.