Precision hepatectomy aims to achieve complete removal of the target lesion while ensuring the integrity of the remaining liver anatomy and maximizing functional volume, and maximizing control of surgical bleeding and systemic trauma invasion to achieve the unity of complete removal of the lesion, maximum liver protection, and minimal trauma invasion. The core elements of surgery for planning precision liver resection include: determining the extent of resection necessary for complete removal of the target lesion; determining the volume of liver necessary to ensure functional compensation of the remaining liver; formulating the appropriate extent of liver resection and rational surgical approach; evaluating and protecting the reserved liver volume, structure and function; setting the optimal parenchymal segmentation plane; anticipating the pulsatile structures to be resected/reconstructed; assessing the surgical risks and formulate corresponding management countermeasures; plan surgical procedures, key technical approaches and perioperative management points. Precision liver resection requires not only precise assessment of the liver tumor site, size, and relationship with the adjacent ductal system, but also precise design of the resection boundary of the resected liver based on the liver lobe or segment without damaging the liver tissue that needs to be preserved. At the time of surgery, advanced surgical methods and instruments are also required to implement and perform precision hepatic resection. Precision hepatectomy is characterized by anatomical hepatectomy, which is marked along the anatomical interface of the liver including along the anatomical interface of the liver segments and along the interface of the liver lobes. Since hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic carcinoma of the liver often spreads along the portal branches of the hepatic segment and hepatobiliary stone disease is also distributed segmentally within the liver along the diseased biliary tree, this dictates that anatomic hepatic segmental or lobectomy is the ideal procedure for the treatment of these lesions, and information about anatomic hepatic resection will be presented in a separate article.