Hydrocephalus, as the name implies, is the accumulation of more water in the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid cannot be discharged from the normal pathway, compressing the neurological brain tissue, affecting neurodevelopment, and producing symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting. Long-term formation occupies the location of the brain nerves and becomes a chronic form. Generally children occur more common, early parents can not be found, just think that the child’s brain is large, folk often say large forehead smart, in fact, part of the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in cranial deformation, the consequences can be imagined, the child poor intellectual development, dementia, and even a variety of neurological dysfunction? There are two types of hydrocephalus in general as far as occurrence is concerned, traffic hydrocephalus and non-traffic obstructive hydrocephalus. These two forms of non-traffic hydrocephalus are more common and are generally caused by obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathways due to tumors or other diseases, resulting in the formation of hydrocephalus after ventricular obstruction. This form of hydrocephalus is generally common with increased intracranial pressure, acute onset, headache, nausea and vomiting, which causes parents and relatives to pay attention to early surgery, whether it is direct surgery to remove the tumor, lift the obstruction, so that the cerebrospinal fluid flow, or drainage surgery for hydrocephalus, shunt surgery or fistula, the effect is more desirable, and the symptoms will be quickly lifted. 1. Can hydrocephalus be cured? For secondary hydrocephalus, that is, obstructive hydrocephalus, basically as long as the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway is open, hydrocephalus will improve, but the size of the ventricles recover directly proportional to its formation time, that is, the shorter the time for the ventricles to become large, the faster the ventricles recover after the cerebrospinal fluid is open. Conversely, chronic hydrocephalus can take years, and in some cases, a lifetime, to return to its normal form. Patients with acute hydrocephalus symptoms are advised to have surgery as soon as possible. 2.Shunt surgery or triple ventriculostomy? At present, the treatment of hydrocephalus is focused on the trade-off between shunt and fistula, which is usually not recommended for infants within 1 year of age because the effect is poor. In some cases, ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the best option. The cause of traffic hydrocephalus is generally considered to be impaired absorption, decreased compliance of the brain tissue, that is, the brain tissue is not elastic, the cerebrospinal fluid can not be driven, generally choose the fistula is less effective. 3.How to treat hydrocephalus caused by the elderly? Geriatric hydrocephalus is usually normal cranial pressure hydrocephalus, that is, the kind of traffic hydrocephalus is common. The effect of fistula or normal shunt is not satisfactory. This type of hydrocephalus usually presents with no symptoms of high cranial pressure, but with dementia, unstable walking, urinary incontinence, and memory loss. The current choice of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery can partially improve the symptoms, especially for adjustable pressure shunts, which are the kind of shunts that can autonomously adjust the pressure outside the body and have a good regulation ability for the development of the long term. 4.How long does the shunt need to be placed in the body? I have been consulted by many people on this issue, and I would like to tell you that if the shunt is not damaged, or malfunctioned, or infected. The reason is that after years of being placed in the body, our tissues and blood vessels will wrap around the shunt and pull it out again, which will produce bleeding or nerve damage, and it is difficult to pull it out because the shunt has been fused with the body for a long time. That is to say, no problem will be placed for life. 5.What about the life span of the shunt? This is one of the questions that many people ask me. Generally speaking, there is no problem with shunts for 5-10 years, and now the technology has improved, like the anti-infection shunts, and various kinds of shunts made of different materials, which can last for a long time. Let’s answer these questions first. Hydrocephalus has remained one of the insurmountable diseases in the field of neurosurgery for several years. Sometimes we juxtapose it with oncologic disease, the reason for this is that the current approach is symptomatic treatment. I believe that in the near future, advances in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and further understanding of the structure and function of the ventricular system will lead to better treatment options for hydrocephalus.