People with chronic hepatitis B virus infection can be divided into two categories based on the presence or absence of inflammatory activity; those who are hepatitis B virus carriers without hepatitis activity and those with chronic hepatitis. Hepatocellular damage and post-injury repair caused by liver inflammation is the initiating link that leads to liver fibrosis, followed by cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, early detection of liver inflammation and active treatment is the key to delaying or even avoiding the occurrence of cirrhosis and liver cancer. For early detection of hepatitis attacks, hepatitis B carriers should have regular liver function and HBV DNA tests, and for screening of liver cancer, liver ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein should also be checked. Since the incidence of liver cancer increases after middle age, the age limit of 30 years is used as the cut-off point, and hepatitis B carriers of lower age (<30 years old) should be checked annually; while those of higher age (≥30 years old) should be checked every six months. Even if liver function is always normal, there will be a small number of patients with mild liver inflammation. To detect such patients in a timely manner, liver puncture pathology or liver transient elastography (also known as liver stiffness scan, Fibroscan) is recommended for all HBV DNA-positive patients over 30 years of age. Antiviral therapy should be initiated as soon as definite hepatitis or more severe liver fibrosis is detected in HBV DNA-positive patients. This is the only way to minimize the progression of hepatitis B patients to cirrhosis and liver cancer.