Pathological changes in various cardiac structures and functions due to rheumatic inflammation invading the myocardium are called rheumatic heart disease. The disease mostly occurs in young adults between 20 and 40 years of age, with more women than men, especially in cold and humid areas prone to rheumatic heart disease. The cause is currently thought to be related to Streptococcus haemolyticus infection. First, it invades the body when the body’s resistance is lowered, causing upper respiratory tract infection with symptoms of pharyngitis and tonsillitis such as runny nose, sore throat, cough and fever. In people who are sensitive to Streptococcus haemolyticus, the inflammation is easy to further invade the joints and heart, and the morphology and structure of the invaded heart valves change after repeated attacks, leading to changes such as valve edema, inflammation and redundancy formation, and later valve thickening, sclerosis, calcification, valve junction adhesion, fusion and tendon shortening and adhesion, which make the valve opening and closing functions diminish and form rheumatic heart valve disease. Therefore, patients with rheumatic heart disease often have upper respiratory tract infection and joint swelling and pain in the early stage. Acquired heart valve disease is one of the most common heart diseases. Among them, rheumatic heart valve disease accounts for about 50% of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in China. With the improvement of people’s living standard, health conditions, and strengthening the prevention and treatment of rheumatic fever diseases, the incidence of valve disease has gradually decreased. Among rheumatic valve lesions, mitral valve lesions account for about 90% or more, aortic valve lesions account for 48%, tricuspid valve lesions account for 12%, and pulmonary valve lesions are very rare. More than two valve lesions are called combined valve disease, which accounts for about 50%.