The vast majority of urinary stones can be crushed and expelled from the body through minimally invasive treatment, and only a few relatively small urinary stones can be drained by drugs.
I. Indications for stone removal treatment.
1, stone diameter less than 0.6cm;
2.Stone surface is smooth;
3. No obstruction in the urinary tract below the stone;
4.Stone does not cause complete obstruction in the urinary tract and stays less than 2 weeks;
5.Stones of special composition, for uric acid stones and cystine stones, lithotripsy is recommended;
6. Adjuvant therapy after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy and ESWL.
II. Lithotripsy methods.
Including general methods, Chinese herbal medicine, lithotripsy and combined Chinese and Western medicine.
1.Drink 2000-3000ml of water daily, evenly around the day and night.
2.Diclofenac sodium suppositories to plug the anus
Diclofenac sodium can reduce ureteral edema, reduce the risk of painful episodes and promote stone discharge, and is recommended for ureteral stone application.
3.Oral a-blocker (tamsulosin) or calcium channel antagonist
Tamsulosin is a highly selective а-adrenergic receptor blocker, which relaxes the smooth muscle of the lower ureter and promotes the discharge of ureteral stones.
4.Chinese herbal medicine
The main treatment is to clear heat and dampness, pass lymphatic drainage and discharge stones, together with qi and blood circulation, softening and dispersion. Commonly used herbal medicines are urinary stone passages, etc.; commonly used formulas such as Bazheng San, Sanjin Stone Drainage Soup, Sihui San, etc.
Acupuncture therapy has no evidence-based medical evidence and can be used as adjunctive therapy. It includes body acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupuncture point injection, etc. Commonly used acupuncture points include Kidney Yu, Middle Wrist, Jingmen, Sanyinjiao, Foot Sanli, etc.
5.Lithotripsy therapy
Recommended to be applied to uric acid stones and cystine stones. Uric acid stones: take allopurinol orally and adjust the dosage according to the uric acid value of blood and urine. For cystine stones, take oral sodium potassium bicarbonate (Yolite) or sodium bicarbonate tablets to alkalize the urine and maintain the urine pH at 6.5-6.8. For cystine stones, take oral sodium potassium bicarbonate (Yolite) or sodium bicarbonate tablets to alkalize the urine and maintain the urine pH at 7.0 or higher. If treatment is ineffective, apply penicillamine and pay attention to drug side effects.
6.Moderate exercise
Choose the body position to drain the stone according to the different parts of the stone.