Rotavirus is one of the main pathogens causing diarrhea in infants and children, which mainly infects the epithelial cells of the small intestine, thus causing cell damage and diarrhea. The clinical manifestation of rotavirus is acute gastroenteritis with osmotic diarrheal disease, which usually lasts for 7 days, with fever lasting for 3 days, vomiting for 2-3 days, diarrhea for 5 days, and severe dehydration symptoms. Rotavirus is a double-stranded ribonucleic acid virus that belongs to the family of eutheroviruses. It is the single leading cause of diarrhea in infants and young children, and almost every child in the world about five years of age has been infected with rotavirus at least once. However, the body’s immune system gradually strengthens after each infection and the effects of subsequent infections are reduced, so adults are rarely affected by them. There are seven species of rotavirus, numbered alphabetically as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Of these, species A is the most common, and it is responsible for more than 90% of human rotavirus infections. Rotavirus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. It infects the cells of the intestinal mucosa linked to the small intestine and produces enterotoxin, which causes gastroenteritis, leading to severe diarrhea and sometimes even death due to dehydration. In addition to its impact on human health, rotavirus can also infect animals and is one of the pathogens of domestic animals. Prevalence: The number of infant and child deaths due to rotavirus infection is about 900,000 worldwide each year, most of which occur in developing countries. In China, the number of infants and children within 0-2 years of age is about 40 million, and about 10 million infants and children suffer from rotavirus infection gastroenteritis every year, accounting for 1/4 of the number of infants and children, which is the most important pathogen causing severe diarrhea in infants and children. Hazards: Rotavirus infections range from asymptomatic, mild to severe, with fatal gastroenteritis, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance occurring in severe cases. Symptoms of rotavirus gastroenteritis include fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloodless, watery diarrhea that can last from 3 to 9 days. Vaccine Use: Rotavirus vaccine is a live attenuated recombinant vaccine. It is administered mainly to infants and children aged 2 months to less than 5 years. To use, open the cap by hand, suck up the vaccine with a straw and feed it directly to infants and children at a dosage of 3 ml per person orally, not with hot water. Prevention options for vaccination can reduce infection: There are no specific clinical drugs for rapid treatment of rotavirus infection in infants and children in early winter. Some experts specifically warn that “parents should not treat their children with antibiotics indiscriminately during their illness to prevent adverse consequences.” In recent years, many children choose to vaccinate against rotavirus, but there are many types of rotavirus, at present, the test equipment can only detect the virus, can not find out which type the virus belongs to, so there is still a chance of infection after the vaccination, but even after the vaccination can be infected with a chance of 80% to avoid serious illness.