Life care after biliary tract surgery

  The gallbladder is the place where bile is stored in the body, constantly storing and concentrating the bile secreted by the liver, and during feeding, the gallbladder discharges the concentrated bile into the duodenum by its own contraction to help digest fat. If the gallbladder has to be removed for various reasons, such as cholecystitis, stones, polyps, gallbladder cancer, etc., people will face a change in their physiological state due to unregulated bile. In this case, bile will continue to enter the duodenum, and when people eat, they will not get enough bile to help digestion, resulting in symptoms of indigestion, such as abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, etc.  After surgical removal of the gallbladder, patients can obtain their own regulatory compensation after a period of adjustment and recovery, that is, through compensatory expansion of the bile ducts to effectively maintain the normal physiological functions of the body. The digestive function of the body is relatively weakened at this time.  For patients after cholecystectomy, the following points should be noted in home care: (1) Dietary guidance to choose easily digestible food. In the near future after surgery, try to reduce the intake of fat and cholesterol, do not eat or eat less fatty meat, fried food, animal offal, etc. If it is necessary for taste, you can use some olive oil to cook food appropriately. To increase the protein-rich food to meet the body’s metabolic needs, such as lean meat, aquatic products, soy products, etc. Eat more foods rich in dietary fiber and vitamins, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, etc. Develop the habit of eating regularly and in small quantities to adapt to the physiological changes after cholecystectomy. The symptoms of indigestion will last for about six months. As time goes by, the common bile duct will gradually expand and will partially replace the role of the gallbladder, and the symptoms of indigestion will be slowly relieved. At this time, the diet can also be gradually over to normal.  (2) Resume normal diet, it is advisable to maintain a low fat, low cholesterol, high protein dietary structure, avoid eating brain, liver, kidney and fried food, moreover, avoid eating fatty meat, avoid drinking alcohol, so as not to affect the function of the liver or cause bile duct stones.  (3) Pay attention to mental health, often maintain emotional stability, optimism and open-mindedness, avoid anger, anxiety, depression and other adverse emotions, in order to prevent disorders of the central nervous and plant nerve regulation, affecting the recovery of bile duct compensatory function.  (4) Appropriate participation in physical exercise and light physical labor, avoid prolonged sitting and lying, too little activity, in order to facilitate the recovery of muscle function. Within two to three months after surgery, you can do activities such as walking to promote the recovery of the body.  (5) Regular review Take the medication as prescribed by the doctor and visit the hospital regularly for follow-up consultation in case of discomfort. Under the guidance of the doctor, take anti-inflammatory and biliary drugs, such as Western anti-inflammatory and biliary tablets, Chinese medicine Da Chai Hu Tang combined with Jin Zhong Zi San plus reduction, and depending on the situation, supplement vitamin B, C, K, etc., which are important to protect the liver and prevent bleeding.  Specific dietary considerations: (1) According to the symptoms and the degree of tolerance to fat, excessive intake of fat should not be taken, and cooking with vegetable oil is advocated.  (2) The total caloric energy should not be too high on the basis of meeting the patient’s needs. Obese and overweight patients should lose weight to bring it down to the ideal weight. Calories should be supplied according to the principle of low-calorie diet.  (3) Limit the intake of cholesterol. Cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg per day. Limit animal fat and foods containing high cholesterol, such as offal and fish roe, egg yolk, etc. Fish, lean meat, egg whites, etc. can be used.  (4) Protein should be supplied at the normal requirement or low, with 50 grams to 70 grams of protein per day, but choose protein foods with low fat content, such as skim milk, egg whites, sea fish, etc.  (5) Pay attention to the intake of vitamins, especially fat-soluble vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. Vitamin K is effective in controlling bleeding caused by certain types of jaundice.  (6) Avoid irritating or gas-producing foods, such as radish, onion, etc., and prohibit smoking and alcohol.  (7) Take small and frequent meals and pay attention to drinking more water.