Benign gallbladder diseases mainly include gallbladder stones, polypoid lesions of the gallbladder, stone cholecystitis and non-stone cholecystitis. Their treatment, timing and surgical methods are affected by a variety of factors. (1) Symptoms: Most benign gallbladder diseases do not have a tendency to become malignant in their natural course, therefore, whether or not clinical symptoms affecting daily work and life are the main factors determining whether or not the patient needs surgical treatment. For asymptomatic gallbladder stones or polyps, the gallbladder should not be removed indiscriminately. For those with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms, we should carefully exclude or clarify whether there are any accompanying diseases of the liver, pancreas, stomach, intestines and other organs before deciding whether surgery is needed. (2) Functionality: The gallbladder has the physiological functions of storing, concentrating and excreting bile, as well as regulating the pressure of the bile duct, which plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of food. The mucosa of the gallbladder can also secrete mucus and IgA antibodies, which are involved in building the immune defense system of the biliary tract. Most of the long-term complications after cholecystectomy are related to the loss of normal physiologic functions of the gallbladder in patients. When deciding whether or not to perform surgery and whether or not to preserve the gallbladder, whether or not the gallbladder has normal function should be taken as an important reference basis. (3) Presence or absence of inflammation: the presence or absence of inflammation and the severity of inflammation are important factors in determining the regression and outcome of benign gallbladder diseases. For patients with acute gallbladder inflammation secondary to gallbladder gangrene, perforation or in whom conservative treatment is not expected to be effective, emergency surgery or percutaneous cholecystectomy should be chosen to avoid more serious complications. (4) The presence of complications: benign gallbladder diseases can be secondary to choledocholithiasis, acute cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, Mirizzi syndrome, bile-intestinal fistula, stone intestinal obstruction and other complications, these patients should be treated according to the type and severity of the complications. (5) Whether there is malignant transformation: some benign gallbladder diseases can be followed by gallbladder cancer in their long-term course. Patients at high risk of developing gallbladder cancer should be treated with aggressive surgical intervention. For patients with suspected malignancy, careful differential diagnosis or limited surgical removal of the diseased gallbladder should be performed.