The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has updated its 2009 “Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men aged 50 years and over”. 1. Therapeutic agents used to reduce the risk of vertebral fractures (and sometimes hip fractures) include bisphosphonates, disulfiramab, parathyroid hormone peptides, raloxifene, and strontium ranelate. 2, Alendronate is usually used as a first-line treatment because of its broad-spectrum anti-fracture efficacy and low cost. 3.For patients with contraindications or intolerance to alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, disulfiramab, raloxifene or strontium ranelate may be appropriate treatment. 4, Because of their high cost, parathyroid hormone peptides should be used only in patients at high risk, especially for vertebral fractures. 5, Postmenopausal women may benefit from treatment with osteopontin, etidronate, and hormone replacement therapy. 6.The drugs approved for the treatment of fracture risk in men are: alendronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid and teriparatide. 7. Due to the increased risk of fracture, patients should increase treatment with alendronate or other osteoprotective drugs while starting glucocorticoid therapy. 8. Approved drugs for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal women and glucocorticoid therapy-induced osteoporosis include alendronate, etidronate, and risedronate. The therapeutic drugs for both men and women are teriparatide and zoledronic acid. 9. Calcium and vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for use in the elderly, i.e., for those who are housebound and stay in residential or nursing homes, as adjunctive therapy to other treatment options for osteoporosis. 10. The potential cardiovascular adverse effects of calcium supplementation therapy are controversial. However, it may be prudent to increase dietary calcium intake and use vitamin D alone, rather than using both calcium and vitamin D supplements. 11, Discontinuation of bisphosphonate therapy after 2 to 3 years of alendronate therapy and 1 to 2 years of ibandronate and risedronate is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover. 12, Continued bisphosphonate therapy is recommended for high-risk groups and does not require further evaluation. However, a treatment review, including renal function evaluation, is required every 5 years. 13, If bisphosphonate therapy is discontinued, fracture risk should be reassessed after each new fracture or after 2 years of discontinuation without a new fracture. 14, After 3 years of zoledronic acid treatment, its benefit on bone mineral density (BMD) can continue until at least 3 years after discontinuation. Most patients should discontinue the drug after 3 years. Clinicians should assess whether patients need to continue therapy after 3 years of treatment. 15. In patients with a prior history of vertebral fracture or a hip BMD T value of -2.5 SD or less, there may be an increased risk of vertebral fracture with discontinuation of zoledronic acid.