Parents often repeatedly ask whether the use of growth hormone will cause tumors. In the past, people had this idea; now, through a large number of clinical practice observations, it has been shown that there is no evidence that it will increase the risk of leukemia and tumor in children, and there is more information from foreign countries in this regard. Growth hormone does not induce tumors if the child does not have tumors of its own. Growth hormone is not involved in the growth of most tumors, but should be used with caution if there is an active tumor. In patients surviving cancer, the increased incidence of secondary tumors with growth hormone therapy is of concern. The application of growth hormone after craniopharyngioma surgery is safe and does not usually cause recurrence. There is also concern that growth hormone can cause diabetes. Growth hormone is a hormone that reduces the use of glucose by peripheral tissues, thereby raising blood glucose. However, if insulin is functioning normally, it will not cause an increase in blood glucose. If there is an increase in blood glucose, it will be transient. However, it is important to ask about the family history and, if necessary, have the child’s C-peptide and insulin measured or have a glucose tolerance test done to detect any existing hidden diabetes. Those with severe disease catabolic hypermetabolism should be cautious when applying growth hormone, as it may increase mortality. In pituitary dwarfism with hypercatabolism, suspension of growth hormone therapy is recommended. In pituitary dwarfism with severe infection, growth hormone therapy should be suspended. Are there any other side effects of growth hormone? Some children may experience localized erythema or redness from the injection, which usually subsides in 2-3 days or up to 2 weeks. Some children may have short-term liver function impairment (recovered after stopping the drug); some children may have water and sodium retention; slipped epiphysis of the femoral head; increased skin pigmentation nevus, but no malignant change has been found. Some individual gynecomastia, mostly self-limiting. Rhinitis, arthralgia, and scoliosis have also occurred in a few cases. Among patients receiving growth hormone therapy, the number of patients who discontinued treatment due to adverse drug reactions is very small. In none of the published evidence-based medical reports has the incidence of adverse events been correlated with the dose administered. The incidence of serious adverse events is more rare in idiopathic dwarfism than in other indications for growth hormone therapy. However, children avoid growth hormone when they have: high tumorigenic factors (history of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy), Fanconi anemia, neurofibroma, Down syndrome, hepatitis B major (potential risk of liver cancer). Contraindications to growth hormone therapy are dwarf patients with closed epiphyses; patients with progressive or recurrent intracranial tumors; leukemia, diabetes, etc. Growth hormone cannot be used. IGF1 levels should be monitored regularly when used and controlled below the upper limit for the same age.