The treatment of growth hormone deficiency is based on the principle of “what is lacking and how much to give”, which is easy to say. However, in reality, it is not so simple. Before supplementing growth hormone, it is necessary to exclude contraindications. For patients whose epiphyses are already closed, large amounts of growth hormone supplementation will not only fail to further increase height, but also cause a series of problems associated with excessive growth hormone. A simple bone age test can determine whether the epiphysis is closed and whether there is still room for growth. In some cases of late diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency or premature epiphyseal closure due to precocious puberty, there is no need to try supplemental growth hormone therapy. Secondly, growth hormone supplementation is not recommended for children with suspected malignant tumors or those who have not yet stabilized after treatment of their original tumors. In general, physiological growth hormone supplementation generally does not cause a healthy person to grow a tumor; nor are there any tumor patients who need to lower their body growth hormone for treatment methods. However, growth hormone theoretically stimulates accelerated tumor growth in all tissue cells in the body, including tumors, and there is no guarantee that so-called physiologic supplementation therapy will be a truly physiologic modality. In many cases the possibility of a tumor cannot be 100% ruled out by the available medical means, especially when the tumor is still in a very early stage. Therefore, a detailed and comprehensive evaluation before growth hormone supplementation is essential. Treatment according to the etiology is the core of all treatment, and growth hormone supplementation is safe only when it is not contraindicated. In some cases, weighing the pros and cons can be difficult, and close observation while treating is a compromise. The question of what kind of growth hormone supplementation should be given and how much should be given is a very complex and specific issue that needs to be determined by an experienced endocrinologist. Currently, growth hormone can only be supplemented through injections, and oral preparations are not yet available. The starting dosage of the drug is determined by the cause of the disease and the patient’s weight, and needs to be adjusted at any time during the course of treatment by observing the height and weight gain. It is important to record the height of the child accurately and repeatedly during the course of treatment in order to observe the efficacy of the treatment. The same measurement method, or even the same measuring instrument, at approximately the same time of the day, and the same measuring person should be used for height measurement each time, and the average should be repeated three times in order to reduce unnecessary errors. In addition, adequate nutrition and moderate exercise are also necessary to obtain good results while supplementing growth hormone. In addition to monitoring height growth, it is also necessary to pay attention to the presence of adverse effects. The chemical structure of existing growth hormone preparations is exactly the same as that of the body’s own growth hormone, so in general, moderate amounts of growth hormone supplementation are safe and do not cause too many adverse reactions. The most noteworthy issue remains that of tumors. For children who have a history of tumors or whose tumors cannot be completely excluded at this time, growth hormone supplementation should be accompanied by more frequent visits to the hospital, close observation, and constant vigilance for the possibility of tumor progression. It is difficult to determine whether the original tumor has been “cured” or not, as the current methods do not allow for the detection of very small tumor lesions, and in many cases, growth hormone supplementation can still be tried after weighing the pros and cons. Other adverse effects include femoral head slippage, skeletal pain due to accelerated growth, and worsening of existing scoliosis, but these problems can also occur during normal growth. Rarely, pancreatitis and temporary gynecomastia are also seen. The existence of other so-called “adverse effects” has yet to be further confirmed, including effects on glucose metabolism and thyroid hormones. As of now, these effects are relatively mild. If growth hormone therapy is effective and no significant adverse effects have been observed, how long does it usually take to treat? Because of its relatively high price and the fact that the cost increases further with weight gain, the duration of treatment is also a very important issue. Generally speaking, at the beginning of growth hormone replacement therapy, height growth is significant, but the rate of height growth gradually tends to normalize as the treatment duration increases. When the height growth is less than 2.5cm per year, it is time to terminate the treatment when the continued extension of the medication does not improve the height much. Of course, if adverse reactions occur during the course of treatment, early termination of treatment can be considered after weighing the pros and cons. Theoretically, growth hormone remains with you for the rest of your life. Adults also secrete a certain amount of growth hormone, which has important effects on mood and substance metabolism. Therefore, it has recently been considered that patients with growth hormone deficiency should be treated with growth hormone replacement therapy for life. The dose of growth hormone required for adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) is 1/5 to 1/7 of the growth promoting dose for children, which is only about 1 U per day. It is also important to note that some children with idiopathic (primary) growth hormone deficiency grow to adulthood with a complete return to normal growth hormone production. Therefore, the patient’s growth hormone secretion should be re-evaluated when the epiphysis closes, height growth stops, and a decision is made whether to proceed with adult growth hormone replacement therapy. Overall, during the process of growth hormone supplementation, it is necessary to follow up regularly at the hospital as prescribed by the doctor, monitor the growth of height and weight, review the bone age and the level of related hormones regularly, be alert to the occurrence of adverse reactions, and adjust the drug dose according to the situation in order to achieve the maximum benefit.