Human growth hormone is a protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and consists of 141 amino acids. It is the most important growth-promoting hormone in the body. The growth of children’s height is mainly achieved by the division and proliferation of cells in the cartilage plate between the backbone and epiphysis of long bones, and it is this division and proliferation of cartilage cells that growth hormone has a significant role in promoting. At puberty, growth hormone, in concert with sex hormones, further causes rapid height growth. Growth hormone also has a significant role in promoting protein synthesis, so it also has a significant role in promoting the growth of various organs and tissues in the body. When children suffer from congenital or acquired diseases that cause growth hormone deficiency or insufficient secretion, it can cause short stature or even dwarfism, and the growth of various organs and tissues throughout the body is also retarded. Synthetic growth hormone has exactly the same chemical structure as the growth hormone produced by the human pituitary gland. Appropriate use of growth hormone as replacement therapy can significantly promote height growth and improve the growth and development of various organs and tissues throughout the body of the affected child. Glucocorticoid is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. Under normal physiological conditions, it plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of nutrients and the functions of various organs in the body, and is one of the hormones necessary for the maintenance of life. These drugs have strong anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunosuppressive effects, but their long-term use in large doses can cause many side effects, such as peptic ulcers, hypertension, osteoporosis, immune deficiency and centripetal obesity. Sex hormones are several steroid hormones secreted by the gonads and adrenal cortex. The testes mainly secrete testosterone, the ovaries mainly secrete estradiol and progesterone, and the adrenal cortex mainly secretes dehydroisosterone. During fetal life, the level of sex hormones is high, which plays a decisive role in the sex differentiation and development of fetal reproductive organs. At puberty, sex hormones rise again significantly, which is not only essential for the development and maturation of reproductive organs and sexual characteristics, but also synergizes with growth hormone to cause a sudden increase in body growth. However, throughout childhood, the reproductive organs remain infantile, and the level of sex hormones in the body remains at a very low level. At this time, if foods or drugs containing sex hormones are consumed in larger doses or for longer periods of time, they may cause early development of reproductive organs and sexual characteristics. It is clear from the above that growth hormone is completely different from glucocorticoids and sex hormones in terms of source, chemical structure, and physiological and pharmacological effects, so the proper use of growth hormone to treat short stature in children will not produce glucocorticoids or sex hormones-like effects and side effects.