Human growth hormone is a protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and consists of 141 amino acids. It is the most important growth-promoting hormone in the body. Children’s height growth is mainly realized by cell division and proliferation in the cartilage plate between the diaphysis and epiphysis of the long bones, and it is this cartilage cell division and proliferation that growth hormone has a significant promotion effect. When entering puberty, growth hormone is synergized by sex hormones, which further cause rapid growth in height. Growth hormone also has a significant role in promoting protein synthesis, so the growth of various organs and tissues in the body also has a significant role in promoting the growth of children suffering from congenital or acquired diseases, resulting in a lack of growth hormone or secretion of insufficient, which can result in short stature, or even dwarfism, and a variety of organs and tissues in the body of the growth of the stagnant. Synthetic growth hormone has exactly the same chemical structure as the growth hormone produced by the human pituitary gland. Appropriate use of growth hormone as a replacement therapy can significantly promote the height growth of children and improve the growth and development of various organs and tissues of the whole body. Glucocorticoid is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. Under normal physiological conditions, it has an important role in regulating the metabolism of nutrients in the body and the function of various organs, and is one of the hormones necessary for maintaining life. The glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the human body itself is cortisol, and the synthetic one is called hydrocortisone, which has strong anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunosuppressive effects, but the long-term application of large doses will cause many side effects, such as peptic ulcers, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, immune dysfunction, and centripetal obesity, etc. The sex hormone is produced by the gonads and the kidneys. Sex hormones are steroid hormones secreted by the gonads and the adrenal cortex. The testes mainly secrete testosterone, the ovaries mainly secrete estradiol and progesterone, and the adrenal cortex mainly secretes dehydroisoandrosterone. During the fetal period, the level of sex hormones in the body is high, which plays a decisive role in the sexual differentiation and development of the fetal reproductive organs. At puberty, the level of sex hormones rises significantly again, which is not only essential for the development and maturation of the reproductive organs and sexual characteristics, but also synergizes with growth hormone to cause a sudden increase in body growth. However, throughout childhood, the reproductive organs remain in an infantile state, and the level of sex hormones in the body remains at a very low level. At this time, if foods or drugs containing sex hormones are ingested in larger doses or for longer periods of time, they may cause early development of the reproductive organs and sexual characteristics. From the above, it is clear that growth hormone is completely different from glucocorticoids and sex hormones commonly used in clinical practice in terms of its origin, chemical structure, physiology and pharmacology, therefore, the proper use of growth hormone in the treatment of children’s short stature will not produce glucocorticoid or sex hormone-like effects and side effects.