According to the 2010 guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: 1. Chronic HBV carriers do not require antiviral therapy for the time being; however, biochemistry, virology, AFP and imaging should be performed every 3-6 months, and if the indication for antiviral therapy is met, treatment with IFNa or drug-like nucleoside (acid) analogues is available (II-2). 2. For those aged >40 years, especially men or those with a family history of HCC, even if ALT is normal or mildly elevated, liver histology is strongly recommended to determine whether they are on antiviral therapy. 3. Inactive HBsAg carriers generally do not require antiviral therapy, but biochemistry, HBV DNA, AFP and liver ultrasonography should be performed every 6 months.