When pretreating (i.e., during chemotherapy)
As the drugs may cause gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting, it is recommended to eat foods with less oil (not oil-free), such as soft rice, noodles, dumplings, wontons, thin porridge mainly, 1 to 2 eggs per day, stir-fried vegetables, steamed fish (to remove the spines), boiled shrimp (to remove the shells and heads), stir-fried meat with vegetables, etc. Avoid greasy foods such as braised and fried, and avoid more difficult-to-digest, coarse-fiber foods such as glutinous rice, bamboo shoots, leeks, and celery.
- When platelets are less than 20×10/L, a soft diet is recommended. Avoid spiny fish and shrimp, fried, hard, spiky foods, or foods that are too hot to prevent bleeding in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. You can eat some cookie bread and fruit soup between meals, the amount should not be too much.
- If the chemotherapy reaction is big, nausea and vomiting are obvious, and you cannot guarantee to eat, you can supplement some whole nutrition powder to ensure the recovery of physical strength; if severe nausea and vomiting or difficulty in swallowing, the patient can ensure the normal function of the body by intravenous infusion of nutrition fluid; when there is more serious mouth ulcer and you cannot eat normally, soft food, semi-liquid or liquid diet that is easy to swallow is the mainstay, such as rotten noodles, small ravioli, thin porridge, egg custard, milk, etc.
After pretreatment
At this time, nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions gradually subside, and a diet high in protein and vitamins, such as lean meat, fish, eggs, vegetables, etc., is recommended. Avoid raw and cold foods, such as fruits, homemade juices, and cold drinks. You can cut apples and pears into small pieces and cook them with water to make a fruit soup.
- During the granulocyte deficiency period: Avoid all kinds of preserves and nuts, uncooked kimchi, squash, and pickles, and curd, etc.
- After granulocyte recovery: immunity has increased, you can gradually open up your diet to include a variety of meats, cooking methods still recommend less oil, and if there are no digestive abnormalities such as diarrhea after consumption, you can gradually transition to a normal diet.
In addition, peeled fresh fruits such as apples, pears, oranges and tangerines can be consumed. Fruits that can easily cause diarrhea such as peaches, watermelons and bananas should be consumed appropriately and not in excess. Fruits that are not easily peeled such as small tomatoes and strawberries are recommended not to be eaten for the time being and then consumed appropriately when the diet is completely back to normal.
Since grapefruit, or grapefruit, affects the metabolism of many drugs in the body, patients taking cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus during and after transplantation should avoid eating grapefruit.
If diarrhea is present, thin porridge and noodles are recommended, and in severe cases, even fasting is required to resume the diet when the diarrhea has improved. When resuming the diet, you can start with rice soup, then thin porridge, noodles, then add chopped vegetable leaves, eggs, and then transition to a normal diet.
When cooking food, pay attention to fresh ingredients, clean and sanitary chopping boards and knives, and do not consume purchased semi-finished products such as marinated vegetables, frozen dumplings, or take-out. When you go home from the hospital, avoid drinking alcohol, drink appropriate water every day, and record your daily weight.