Do you often feel dryness, burning sensation, foreign body sensation and pins and needles in your eyes? This is called dry eye. Dry eye has become a common and important type of ocular surface disease that affects people’s quality of life, and its incidence in China has been increasing year by year in recent years. The incidence of dry eye worldwide is about 5.5%-33.7%, and the incidence in China is about 21%-30%. What is dry eye? Tears are evenly distributed in the conjunctival sac, forming a film of fluid, which is medically called the tear film. Dry eye is an instability of the tear film and/or damage to the ocular surface caused by abnormalities in the quantity or quality of tears or fluid dynamics, resulting in ocular discomfort and visual dysfunction. Its clinical manifestations are mainly dry eyes, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, ocular discharge, eye itching, and blurred vision symptoms. The risk factors include old age, female, high altitude, diabetes, pterygium, air pollution, eye drop abuse, use of video screen terminals, keratoconus surgery, allergic eye disease and some systemic diseases. If you are already disturbed by dry eye, it is time for treatment. The goal of treatment for patients with mild dry eye is primarily to relieve eye symptoms, while for patients with severe dry eye, the main goal is to protect the patient’s visual function. By looking for the cause to treat the cause, such as systemic diseases should go to the appropriate specialist for treatment of the primary cause, such as related to the living and working environment, such as long-term work in air-conditioned rooms or frequent use of computers or driving at night, should actively improve the living environment, using some tips such as local heat compresses; timely discontinuation of long-term systemic or local application of drugs and eye cosmetics that can cause dry eye. If these modalities still cannot improve the symptoms, corresponding pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments should be carried out. Pharmacological treatments include artificial tears, lubricating creams, local anti-inflammatory and immune resistants, autologous serum, etc.; non-pharmacological treatments include patient guidance, wet room lenses and silicone eye shields, soft corneal contact lenses, tear suppositories, physical therapy and necessary psychological interventions.