What are the main causes of female infertility? The main causes of female infertility can be summarized into four categories: ① Ovulatory dysfunction, which is manifested by the absence of ovulation during the menstrual cycle or, although ovulation occurs, the luteal body does not function properly after ovulation. ② Congenital abnormalities in the development of reproductive organs or acquired pathologies of reproductive organs that hinder the smoothness and function of the reproductive channel from the vulva to the fallopian tubes, preventing the sperm from meeting the egg and leading to infertility. (3) Immunological factors: These refer to the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in the female reproductive tract or serum, which cause sperm to agglutinate with each other and lose their vitality or die, leading to infertility or sterility. In addition, some infertile women have antibodies against their own egg zona pellucida in their serum, which can prevent sperm from penetrating the egg for fertilization and can cause infertility. ④ Sexual dysfunction, lack of sexual knowledge, systemic diseases and unexplained causes of infertility. What are the causes of male infertility? The main causes of male infertility can be summarized into five categories: ① Sexual dysfunction including impotence, premature ejaculation, seminal emission, and non-ejaculation, etc. ②Semen quality abnormalities, including oligospermia, azoospermia, lethal spermia, weak spermia, polyspermia, low semen volume and semen non-liquefaction, etc. ③ varicose veins of the spermatozoa. ④Immunological factors: refers to the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in men’s serum or seminal plasma, producing their own anti-sperm immune response, leading to immunological infertility. ⑤ Infection of the reproductive tract, congenital anomalies, systemic diseases and unexplained infertility.