Over the past 50 years, the biggest debate about male reproductive health has been the global decline in male semen quality. Danish scholar Dr. Niels Shabak has comprehensively analyzed the semen quality reports of nearly 15,000 men from 21 countries between 1938 and 1990. The results found that the number of male sperm decreased by more than 40% in 50 years. The volume of semen decreased by 20%. Sperm density, on the other hand, decreased from 1, 13 million per milliliter in 1949 to 66 million in 1990. After this, many countries and regions in Europe, the Americas and Asia have published retrospective comparative data, most of which support the conclusion that the quality of male semen has declined. Studies by scholars in China have shown similar results. The Institute of Science and Technology of the National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC) conducted a study of publicly available data from 1981-1996. From Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and other 39 cities and counties, 256 documents totaling 11,726 people’s sperm analysis data found that. The semen quality of men in China is declining at a rate of 1% per year, and the sperm count has dropped by more than 40%. Moreover, the more industrialized the region, the faster the decline in sperm quality. In recent years, it has also been seen in clinical practice in urology and men’s clinics that the decline in sperm quality is leading to an increasing number of patients being seen for male infertility. The causes of decreased sperm quality include congenital or acquired diseases, and some are caused by some human factors in life. Among them, the following 10 kinds of factors have been proved in the study, the biggest impact on sperm quality. 1, food packaging and cosmetics A press release issued recently by the German Research Association said that the decline in the number of male sperm worldwide over the past few decades may be related to a chemical called phthalates. Phthalates are a class of chemicals that can have a softening effect. It is commonly used in hundreds of products including toys, food packaging, vinyl flooring, wallpaper, detergents, lubricants, nail polish, hair sprays, soaps and shampoos. Studies have shown that phthalates can be endocrine disruptors, reducing the number of male spermatozoa, causing low motility and abnormal morphology, and in severe cases, causing testicular cancer, which is the “main culprit” for male reproductive problems. Among cosmetics, nail polish has the highest phthalate content. Phthalates can enter women’s bodies through their respiratory systems and skin, jeopardizing the reproductive systems of the boys they will give birth to. Phthalates also pass through plastic containers. Phthalates can also enter the body through plastic containers for packaged food and water, such as the inner coating of canned food, recyclable milk and mineral water bottles. Studies have shown that the higher the fat content of canned foods, the more likely they are to be contaminated, such as pork, anchovies and sardines. Fetuses, infants and adolescent children are most sensitive to it and their health is most vulnerable. In order to minimize the harmful effects of phthalates on human body, it is usually better to pay attention not to use Styrofoam containers to soak instant noodles, and not to use plastic containers containing PVC to heat up food in the microwave oven. The correct practice is to put the food into heat-resistant glassware or ceramic utensils in the heating. 2, car exhaust Car exhaust contains a large number of harmful substances, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and so on. When the human body is exposed to these substances for a long time, accumulated damage will occur, which not only affects reproductive health, but also increases the incidence of tumors and other diseases. The most serious is that automobile exhaust contains dioxin is a very strong environmental endocrine disruptors, can make men’s testicles morphology changes, sperm count reduction, spermatogenic ability to reduce. 3, tobacco and alcohol, tobacco and alcohol harm! Smoking has always been the enemy of physical health, the impact of semen is equally obvious. Early foreign studies have shown that smokers and non-smokers, compared to the quality of semen, the main indicators are significantly lower, sperm deformity rate increased, semen in the number of white blood cells increased. Nicotine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced in tobacco can cause testicular atrophy and sperm morphology changes. Alcohol has a direct effect on the human liver and male testes. Studies have found that patients with chronic alcoholism experience testicular atrophy, leading to a decrease in semen quality. Therefore, men must avoid regular excessive alcohol consumption. 4, estrogen Estrogen will have a significant impact on the male reproductive system, including affecting the level of androgens, triggering changes in testicular tissue and structure, causing testicular cancer, lowering the number of sperm in the semen, causing gynecomastia, and leading to endocrine disorders. Short-term administration of estrogen-containing drugs by men does not significantly affect the reproductive system, but long-term exposure to estrogen-containing items in their lives can be more harmful to reproductive health. Such as consumption of high estrogen-containing chicken, turtle, eel, etc., long-term use of male reproductive health will be damaged, resulting in hypogonadism. 5, trace elements The trace elements related to male fertility mainly include zinc, selenium, copper, calcium and magnesium. Zinc is an important element in the reproductive system, and a lack of zinc will affect the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty, reduce sperm motility, weaken the body’s immune function, and make men susceptible to prostatitis, epididymitis and other infectious diseases. Selenium deficiency will increase the concentration of peroxide in the body, causing damage to the male reproductive system and testicles. Therefore, men should usually eat more zinc, selenium-containing foods, such as milk, corn, black rice, black beans, nuts such as: melon seeds, walnuts, pistachios and so on. 6, temperature High temperature will produce damage to the testicles, but how high the temperature and how long the exposure time at this temperature will have an impact on the testicles, there is still a debate in the academic community. In animal experiments, the fertility of males was reduced after being exposed to 38,5 degrees Celsius for 55 minutes. In real life, men should try to avoid staying in a high temperature environment for too long, such as sauna, hot water bath or hot springs should be avoided. 7, drugs anti-cancer, hormones, antibiotics and other drugs can damage the function of the male gonads, resulting in a decline in sperm quantity and quality, or by affecting the endocrine function of the gonads, leading to sexual dysfunction. The effect of drugs on male fertility is affected by factors such as the type of drug, dosage, course of treatment, and the age of the patient. Generally speaking, the higher the dosage of drugs used, the longer the course of treatment, and the younger the age of the patient, the more serious the damage to the fertility function and the longer the time needed to restore the fertility function. At present, there is a proliferation of sexual health products in the society, some of which contain sex hormones or similar ingredients that may affect the normal spermatogenesis of the testicles, so unmarried and infertile people should be extra careful when choosing them. With the development of modernization, the impact of urban noise on health has become more prominent. Noise is a kind of environmental pollution. In recent years, some experts put forward the theory of “environmental hormones”, pointing out that there are chemicals in the environment that can affect the endocrine function of the human body like hormones, noise is one of them. Noise is one of these chemicals. It can cause endocrine disruption in the human body, leading to semen and sperm abnormalities. Prolonged noise pollution can cause male infertility; for women, it will lead to miscarriage and fetal malformation. 9, radiation Radiation on human health has been determined to have a clear impact. Large doses of radiation can cause changes in testicular organization and structure, increase the malformation rate of sperm, and reduce sperm count, sperm density and other important indicators. However, there are no definite research results on whether small doses of radiation can cause infertility. Our daily use of electronic devices, such as cell phones, computers, etc. can affect the occurrence and maturation of spermatozoa in the male testes. Therefore, men should usually try to minimize contact with radiation sources, to guard against. 10, drugs Drug users in our country for a number of people, some drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, etc. on the semen quality has an impact. Marijuana can make the blood androgen level decreased, sperm density decreased, leading to male breast development; cocaine will make sperm density decreased. Sperm quality is related to the major problem of human survival and reproduction. With regard to these factors, on the one hand, we should be highly vigilant and pay attention to and avoid them in a timely manner; on the other hand, we should call on all forces in the whole society to improve our living environment. Otherwise, we will be like the American scholar Theo? Colburn said in his book Our Stolen Future that infertility may become a widespread epidemic and that men in the future may lose their ability to bear children altogether.