Thyroid nodules found on examination may be nodular goiter, thyroid (cystic) adenoma, high-functioning adenoma, or even thyroid cancer. Further determination is needed based on the feel of the examination, the description of the ultrasound and the puncture cytology. The symptoms of nodular goiter depend on the size and location of the nodule. When the nodule is large it can cause some pressure symptoms, such as wheezing sensation, or obstructive sensation of swallowing. Ultrasound and thyroid function are the preferred tests for patients with thyroid disease. In layman’s terms ultrasonography with physical examination basically determines whether the patient needs surgery, while thyroid function tests determine whether the patient needs appropriate medication. In general, surgery is required for patients with retrosternal goiter, large nodules with symptoms of pressure, nodules affecting appearance and life, combined with hyperthyroidism, and suspected malignancy. Surgery for nodular goiter is divided into two main categories. One type of surgery is open surgery, which includes removal of nodules, subtotal thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, and thyroidectomy. The second type is lumpectomy thyroid surgery. Lumpectomy thyroid surgery involves moving the surgical incision to an inconspicuous area, such as the armpit or areola, and has a cosmetic effect. The only difference between lumpectomy and open surgery is the incision site, but the scope and results of other surgeries are exactly the same.