Osteoporosis is a common disease among older adults worldwide, and is particularly prominent in women. The resulting fractures, especially hip fractures, are a serious threat to the lives of the elderly and greatly reduce their quality of life. Therefore, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has become an urgent issue. So, what is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a disease in which the amount of bone per unit volume decreases, the microstructure of bone tissue deteriorates, and the brittleness of bone increases, making it easy to cause fractures. Postmenopausal women are more prone to osteoporosis, and the main factor is endocrine disorders. Modern research suggests that the rate of bone loss in women is related to menopause, regardless of age, and once menopause occurs, ovarian function declines, estrogen secretion in the body drops sharply, and bone loss increases exponentially. Secondly, lower estrogen levels also cause a decrease in the production and activity of vitamin D, which interferes with calcium absorption in the intestine. Postmenopausal osteoporosis often leads to reduced bone strength, and fractures can occur when subjected to minor external forces, or even without significant external forces. The common fracture sites are the distal forearm bone, spine bone and hip. Fractures of the distal forearm bone are likely to occur in the early postmenopausal period, and some data show that the incidence of fractures between the ages of 40 and 65 is on a steep rise; fractures of the spine mostly occur after the age of 60, and most of them are non-traumatic, and the most vulnerable vertebrae are the 8 and 12 thoracic vertebrae and the 1, 4 and 5 lumbar vertebrae; fractures of the hip bone have serious consequences, and the disability and mortality rates are extremely high, often caused by a fall in the standing position and landing on the hip. Then, appropriate estrogen supplementation in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis can maintain the existing bone mass and prevent further degeneration of bone microstructure. Experiments have shown that estrogen can inhibit bone dissolution caused by osteoclasts, thereby reducing the resulting osteoporosis, avoiding fractures and reducing body shortening. Along with estrogen supplementation, attention should be paid to calcium supplementation. The daily requirement of human calcium: 1000 mg/day for women aged 25 to 50, 1000-1500 mg/day for postmenopausal women, and 1500 mg/day for women aged 65 and above, but the calcium intake of the general population is far below this standard. The solution to calcium deficiency should be a combination of dietary and medicinal supplements. Chinese herbal medicine is safe and effective in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Under the guidance of the theory of “kidney is the master of bone” and “kidney is the master of reproduction”, one is to protect the ovaries and delay their function by nourishing the liver and kidney, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the qi, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis when menopause begins. The second is that many kidney tonic herbs have direct or indirect calcium tonic effects. For example, Eucommia, Boneset, Tortoise, Turtle shell, Mulberry, Pearl powder, Dragon bone, Oyster, etc. all contain collagen and vitamin D, which can promote the absorption of calcium by bone, improve the level of blood calcium and phosphorus, and facilitate bone calcification and bone formation. In conclusion, ovaries are the first organ of the human body to age, and osteoporosis in women is closely related to changes in ovarian function. Therefore, menopausal or postmenopausal women can, under the guidance of gynecologists and according to individual differences, choose Chinese medicine or a combination of Chinese and Western treatments for comprehensive management, which is important for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.