Etiology of diabetic cataract How does diabetic cataract occur? Under normal conditions, the lens absorbs nutrients from the room water through the capsule membrane and eliminates metabolites. When suffering from diabetes, the osmotic pressure of the lens increases, absorbing water and swelling; coupled with impaired protein synthesis, this eventually leads to clouding of the lens and long-term chronic hyperglycemia causing cataracts over time.
Treatment of diabetic cataract Since the factors causing poor vision may be caused by fundus lesions in addition to cataract, patients with diabetic cataract should first go to the hospital for detailed eye examination, examine the lens and fundus in detail through dilated pupil, clarify the degree of cataract and diabetic fundus stage, and do fundus fluorescence imaging if necessary.
Treatment for diabetic cataract patients should be selected according to the stage of fundus lesions and the degree of cataract lens clouding: whether cataract surgery should be done first, or fundus lesions should be treated first, or both: if diabetic fundus lesions are the main problem, fundus lesions should be treated first, and patients who have developed to the extent that laser treatment is needed can have laser treatment first; if the degree of cataract clouding degree is heavy and affects laser treatment, cataract surgery can be done first; if the fundus lesion reaches stage V or above and cataract affects fundus biosurgery, combined cataract surgery and fundus laser treatment can be done.
If cataract surgery is done first, the surgeon will make a larger continuous annular tear capsule, polished anterior and posterior capsules of the crystal, and choose a suitable lens for the patient during the operation. This is to prepare for the laser treatment later, and a close follow-up plan such as fundus fluoroscopy and fundus laser treatment will be made in time after the surgery. Through these, patients with diabetic cataract can avoid the occurrence of neovascular glaucoma, so that their fundus lesions can be treated at the same time as cataract. At the same time, endocrinologists should be asked to adjust medication and control blood sugar for the patients.