Potassium ions.
Functions: Maintains nerve and muscle mobility, involved in maintaining normal heartbeat patterns
Sources: Most foods contain potassium, vegetables and fruits are good food sources of potassium.
Weak kidney function: accumulation of potassium in the blood, muscle paralysis, slowing/stopping of the heartbeat Characteristics of potassium excretion by the kidneys: more if you eat more, less if you eat less, even if you don’t eat
Symptoms of potassium deficiency: weakness, abdominal distension, flaccidity, urinary retention, heart rate disorders, etc. When hypokalemia occurs and the daily urine volume is >700 ml, attention should be paid to potassium supplementation and potassium-rich foods can be consumed.
High potassium foods
Legumes: adzuki beans, fava beans, lentils, soybeans.
Fruits: dried apricots, watermelon.
Vegetables: spinach, rape, snowdrop, purple cabbage, kelp, bamboo shoots, potatoes.
Almost all dried fruits: such as dried country preserves, dried apricots, figs, dried raisins, hazelnuts.
Beans and products: soybeans, broad beans, kidney beans, mung beans, black beans, adzuki beans, mung bean noodles, etc.
Mushrooms: silver fungus (dried), mushroom, portobello mushroom, wood ear (dried), etc.
Pickled food: pickles, sauces.
Seafood: seaweed, shrimp.
Vegetables: lentils, bamboo shoots, potatoes, spinach, kelp, etc.
Fruits: banana, durian, coconut, fragrant pomegranate, orange, etc.
Beverages: beer, fruit juice, etc.
Low potassium foods
Oils and fats: peanut oil, corn oil, etc.
Starch: corn starch, dough flour, vermicelli, noodles, vermicelli, millet, rice, lotus root flour, etc.
Vegetables: square gourd, papaya, small watermelon, knotty gourd, mung bean sprouts, gourd, frangipani, winter melon, white radish tassels
Fruits: rutabaga, duck pear, white orchid gourd
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements in the human body, ranking sixth after calcium. 85%-90% of total phosphorus is found in bones and teeth, and 10%-15% of it is combined with proteins, fats, sugars and other organic substances and distributed in almost all tissue cells, about half of which are in muscles.
The key to treating chronic renal failure secondary to hyperparathyroidism is to control the metabolism of phosphorus, an important part of which is to actively control the amount of phosphorus in the diet, which can also slow down the development of renal failure.
A phosphorus-restricted diet of no more than 800 mg per day, reduced protein intake, and avoidance of protein diets high in phosphorus. Thus, a low-phosphorus diet and a low-protein diet are parallel.
High phosphorus foods
Raw and hard fruits: all dried fruits, hard fruits, peanuts, walnuts, chestnuts, etc.
Vegetables and legumes: soybeans, corn, potato chips, French fries, spinach.
Mixed beans: broad beans, etc.
Mushrooms: winter mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms.
Meat: offal-waist, liver, heart, intestines, brain, kidney, spinal cord, cowboy, high-fat category-sardines, fish with bones, roe, shrimp, carp, squid.
Milk and products: milk shakes, pudding, cream, cheese, etc.
Grains: whole wheat crusts, bread, wheat crusts, whole wheat wafers.
Others: egg yolks, chocolates, chocolate drinks, stews, broths.
Dark soft drinks such as cola type.
Phosphorus reduction tips
Boiled eggs: discard the yolks and eat the whites.
Boiled meat method: Discard the broth and eat the meat.
Rice fishing
Physiological functions of phosphorus
Component of bones and teeth
Maintains osmotic pressure
Maintain acid-base balance
Maintains neuromuscular excitability
Participates in blood coagulation process, enzyme activation, hormone secretion
Iron
Iron is the most abundant of the essential trace elements, about 4 to 5 g.
Functional iron: present in hemoglobin, myoglobin and iron-containing enzymes
Storage iron: present in liver, reticuloendothelial cells and bone marrow in the form of ferritin and hemoglobin
Major food sources.
Abundant: blood, liver, red meat, black fungus, black sesame, etc.
Good: egg yolk, dried fruits, etc.
Fair: brown sugar, fish and shrimp, poultry meat, cereals, spinach, lentils, peas, etc.
Less: dairy products, most vegetables and fruits, etc.
Iron supplementation should be avoided
Avoid (less): foods with high oxalic and tannic acid content (water spinach, spinach), unfermented cereals, strong tea and coffee.
Avoid taking calcium, zinc preparations, antacids, tetracycline and iron preparations at the same time, so as not to affect the absorption of iron.
Use iron-fortified foods such as iron-fortified soy sauce and bread as appropriate.
Try to use iron cookware to cook food magnesium physiology.
Magnesium
Functions.
Activate the activity of a variety of enzymes.
Regulation of nerves, muscle excitability.
Promotion and maintenance of bone growth, influencing the absorption of calcium.
Inhibitory effect on potassium and calcium channels.
Food sources of magnesium.
Green leafy vegetables: rape, amaranth, spinach
Brown grains: rhubarb rice, black rice, buckwheat nuts, fruit meat, starchy, milk contains medium magnesium
Refined food magnesium content is generally very low.