Kidney disease in children is easily undiagnosed Millions of people worldwide are affected by kidney disease, including many children. Some children are born with kidney disease. In addition, children with risk factors for kidney disease are more likely to develop kidney disease in adulthood. In addition to children born with congenital kidney disease, perinatal events may affect the health of those without significant kidney disease later in life, even in childhood. Long after birth, preterm infants are at significantly increased risk of developing kidney disease, and those who survive may have kidney damage that is not easily detected due to exposure to nephrotoxic drugs. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children from a variety of different causes can have long-term sequelae that lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) years later. A large body of data suggests that hypertension, proteinuria and CKD in adults are already abnormal in childhood. A growing body of data suggests that many adult kidney diseases are inherited from childhood. Recent studies suggest that some patients with milder congenital renal and urinary tract anomalies may develop end-stage renal disease in adulthood. It is now generally accepted that children with suspicious signs of genitourinary abnormalities on prenatal ultrasound, a family history of renal disease, growth disturbances, history of urinary tract infections, abnormal urination, and abnormal urinary appearance should be further screened. Initial screening includes physical examination, urine test paper examination, urinalysis, and basic biochemistry. Awareness and education about kidney disease should be spread among the general population, especially children, including lifestyle changes (reduction of tobacco use, salt restriction, dietary energy control, and reduction of alcohol intake) and effective interventions (blood pressure, lipid, and glucose control). The onset of kidney disease is sometimes insidious, the “hidden killer”, and some symptoms are not very typical and easily confused with other diseases. Some children’s kidney disease is discovered during routine physical examinations at school or kindergarten, but before that parents are totally unaware of it. In fact, it is not difficult to detect children with early kidney disease in time. Urine can be seen as a barometer of the health status of the body. Therefore, it is recommended that parents should pay attention to the color and volume of their children’s urine and do regular urine tests for them. Your child needs to be alert to kidney disease if the following conditions occur Abnormal urine color (foamy urine, cloudy urine, red urine, etc.). Unexplained edema of the eyelids or lower extremities. Unexplained anemia. Weakness and loss of appetite. Hypertension. Fetal delivery with urinary abnormalities.