Kidney stones are a common and frequent disease in urology. With the update of equipment and advancement of technology, almost all kidney stones can be solved by minimally invasive methods, which means that fewer and fewer kidney stones need to be operated. Minimally invasive not only treats the stone, but also the patient has less damage and faster recovery, which protects the kidney function to the maximum extent. There are more minimally invasive treatment methods, how should I choose? I. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy Indications: Single kidney stone diameter ≤ 2 CM. Infrarenal calcium stone ≤ 1 CM. Contraindications: Such as uncontrolled urinary tract infection, tuberculosis, obstruction below the stone, pregnant women, bleeding disorders, obesity, heart failure, severe heart rate disorders, etc. Cystine stones are hard and can be changed to percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for stone extraction if the lithotripsy effect is not good. Note that the number of lithotripsy should not exceed 3-5 times, and the time of reshock > 7 days. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is indicated for all kidney stones requiring open surgery, such as multiple kidney stones, ≥2CM kidney stones, antler-type stones, symptomatic calyx or diverticulum stones, horseshoe kidney stones, kidney stones combined with pelvic ureteral junction stenosis, isolated kidney stones combined with obstruction, stones that are difficult to be crushed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and failed treatment, etc. Contraindications: bleeding disorders, uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension, severe cardiopulmonary disease that cannot tolerate surgery, pelvic wandering kidney or severe renal prolapse, severe spinal deformity, extreme obesity or inability to tolerate prone position. If the stone is simple, microstomy percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be chosen to remove the stone; if the stone is large or infected, standard channel ultrasound combined with pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is the best choice to clear the stone. Holmium laser and pneumatic ballast combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy system are ideal for lithotripsy. Holmium laser lithotripsy under retrograde soft ureteroscopy Indications: difficulty in locating extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, residual infrarenal calcium stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, poor results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for embedded infrarenal calcium stones, obesity and spinal deformity with difficulty in establishing dermal renal access for lithotripsy, diverticular calcium stones with calcium neck stenosis. Contraindications: bleeding disorders, severe cardiopulmonary diseases that cannot tolerate surgery, uncontrolled urinary tract infections, severe urethral strictures that cannot be resolved by intracavitary surgery, inability to position the stone.