The most effective treatment for papilloma is surgical excision. Clinically, if the mass can be palpated, surgical excision of the diseased duct for examination is sufficient. For patients whose lumps cannot be palpated on physical examination, the lesion must be localized preoperatively or intraoperatively. Preoperatively, the lactoscope can be relied upon to mark the skin, and if necessary, a metal locator wire can be placed during lactoscopy to lay a good foundation for intraoperative guidance of surgical excision of the lesion. In case of surgery, the opening of the overflowing milk duct should be found and a probe placed or a blue dye injected. Patients who rely on intraoperative localization should be instructed not to squeeze the breast to avoid causing the drainage of the overflow and making intraoperative localization difficult. Central-type intraductal papilloma, if surgically excised to a reasonable extent, generally rarely recurs. Peripheral intraductal papilloma can often lead to tumor recurrence if surgical excision is not complete. The lobe where the lesion is located should be removed during surgery, and regular postoperative review should be observed.