Pyothorax or purulent pleurisy is one of the most common diseases in pediatric thoracic medicine. Pneumonia leading to inflammation invading the pleural cavity is the most common cause of the disease. With the development of pustulothorax, the existing pneumonia can be further aggravated, further aggravating the existing respiratory symptoms of the child. In the absence of effective treatment, the pustulothorax will enter the mechanized phase over time, leading to extensive fibrosis of the chest cavity and seriously affecting the patient’s respiratory function. For the surgical treatment of septic chest, strengthening postoperative exercises such as deep breathing and coughing are essential for postoperative recovery and control of lung infection. However, if the postoperative child has severe pain and is unable to cooperate with the above restorative exercises, pulmonary complications are likely to occur. Due to the limitation of bony thorax in the chest, traditional lobectomy surgery has long incision, large trauma, poor intraoperative exposure, especially the need to forcibly separate the ribs during surgery, heavy postoperative pain, slow recovery, poor cooperation of children with breathing exercises, and more postoperative complications. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery for lobectomy only requires 3 small holes in the chest wall, which is less invasive and does not require separation of the ribs during surgery, so postoperative pain is mild, postoperative recovery is fast, and there are fewer complications. At the same time, with a good view of the thoracoscope, the whole chest cavity can be thoroughly cleaned, which ensures the effect of lesion removal and lung reopening. Due to the small trauma of thoracoscopic surgery, while operating under the lumpectomy with a clear surgical view, accurate positioning and good exposure, the whole thoracic cavity can be explored and cleaned. The vast majority of children have rapid postoperative lung reopening, good recovery, and low rates of postoperative complications such as pneumonia, and can be discharged from the hospital in 5-7 days. Through the review and follow-up of the operated patients, all of them have achieved good treatment results and the surgical scar gradually fades after six months postoperatively, achieving the cosmetic effect of minimally invasive surgery.